The potential of imaging tools as correlates of infection and disease for new TB vaccine development

Malherbe, Stephanus T.; Kleynhans, Léanie; Walzl, Gerhard

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2018.06.001

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Often, these people will progress to symptomatic disease over time. PET/CT provide new insights into this phenotype 34 . There may be a case for including readouts from these investigations as part of the phenotype definition, although there may be some blurring of the boundary with Mtb infection and especially with the emerging incipient TB disease subphenotype described above.…”

Section: Evidence For Bcg‐induced Protection Against M Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG‐induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next‐generation vaccines

Foster

Hill

Setiabudiawan

et al. 2021

Immunological Reviews

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Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live-attenuated vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) complex and was first used in medical practice in 1921. It is administered intradermally after birth, while repeat dosing in adolescence and at other stages of life have been adopted inconsistently in different parts of the world. Efficacy trials have yielded hugely variable results, ranging from 0-80% efficacy against TB disease across different locations. 1 Furthermore, the mechanisms of BCG protection remain poorly understood after 100 years of research and practice, making it difficult to determine what new generation TB vaccines need to induce to provide improved protection.The discovery that BCG protects against Mtb infection (as defined by a positive interferonγ release assay (IGRA) result) and not just progression from Mtb infection to TB disease 2,3 has significant

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Section: Evidence For Bcg‐induced Protection Against M Tuberculosis Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BCG‐induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next‐generation vaccines

Foster

Hill

Setiabudiawan

et al. 2021

Immunological Reviews

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“…This need has triggered an increasing interest in using 18-F fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18-F FDG PET-CT) as a research tool in tuberculosis. Due to its high sensitivity for metabolic activity in infectious lesions, it has shown the potential to be a powerful and possibly cost-effective tool in TB trials, despite the reported lack of specificity in diagnosing active TB in high-incidence areas and its dependence on expensive resources [21,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative 18F-FDG PET-CT scan characteristics correlate with tuberculosis treatment response

et al. 2020

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Background: There is a growing interest in the use of F-18 FDG PET-CT to monitor tuberculosis (TB) treatment response. Tuberculosis lung lesions are often complex and diffuse, with dynamic changes during treatment and persisting metabolic activity after apparent clinical cure. This poses a challenge in quantifying scan-based markers of burden of disease and disease activity. We used semi-automated, whole lung quantification of lung lesions to analyse serial FDG PET-CT scans from the Catalysis TB Treatment Response Cohort to identify characteristics that best correlated with clinical and microbiological outcomes.Results: Quantified scan metrics were already associated with clinical outcomes at diagnosis and 1 month after treatment, with further improved accuracy to differentiate clinical outcomes after standard treatment duration (month 6). A high cavity volume showed the strongest association with a risk of treatment failure (AUC 0.81 to predict failure at diagnosis), while a suboptimal reduction of the total glycolytic activity in lung lesions during treatment had the strongest association with recurrent disease (AUC 0.8 to predict pooled unfavourable outcomes). During the first year after TB treatment lesion burden reduced; but for many patients, there were continued dynamic changes of individual lesions. Conclusions: Quantification of FDG PET-CT images better characterised TB treatment outcomes than qualitative scan patterns and robustly measured the burden of disease. In future, validated metrics may be used to stratify patients and help evaluate the effectiveness of TB treatment modalities.

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“…TB research focused on imaging or genomic data analysis has recently achieved significant success [12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24]; however, there are still few investigations that encompass clinical, socioeconomic, image, and genomic data. Most TB databases and resources are domain specific, including ReSeqTB [25], PATRIC [26, 27], TB DB [28], ChestX-ray8: hospital-scale chest X-ray database [29] and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TB DEPOT (Data Exploration Portal): A multi-domain tuberculosis data analysis resource

et al. 2019

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The NIAID TB Portals Program (TBPP) established a unique and growing database repository of socioeconomic, geographic, clinical, laboratory, radiological, and genomic data from patient cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). Currently, there are 2,428 total cases from nine country sites (Azerbaijan, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia, Romania, China, India, Kazakhstan, and South Africa), 1,611 (66%) of which are multidrug- or extensively-drug resistant and 1,185 (49%), 863 (36%), and 952 (39%) of which contain X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan, and genomic data, respectively. We introduce the Data Exploration Portal (TB DEPOT, https://depot.tbportals.niaid.nih.gov ) to visualize and analyze these multi-domain data. The TB DEPOT leverages the TBPP integration of clinical, socioeconomic, genomic, and imaging data into standardized formats and enables user-driven, repeatable, and reproducible analyses. It furthers the TBPP goals to provide a web-enabled analytics platform to countries with a high burden of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) but limited IT resources and inaccessible data, and enables the reusability of data, in conformity with the NIH’s Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR) principles. TB DEPOT provides access to “analysis-ready” data and the ability to generate and test complex clinically-oriented hypotheses instantaneously with minimal statistical background and data processing skills. TB DEPOT is also promising for enhancing medical training and furnishing well annotated, hard to find, MDR-TB patient cases. TB DEPOT, as part of TBPP, further fosters collaborative research efforts to better understand drug-resistant tuberculosis and aid in the development of novel diagnostics and personalized treatment regimens.

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The potential of imaging tools as correlates of infection and disease for new TB vaccine development

Cited by 7 publications

References 72 publications

BCG‐induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next‐generation vaccines

BCG‐induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Evidence, mechanisms, and implications for next‐generation vaccines

Quantitative 18F-FDG PET-CT scan characteristics correlate with tuberculosis treatment response

TB DEPOT (Data Exploration Portal): A multi-domain tuberculosis data analysis resource

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