Data on fluoride concentration and health risk assessment of drinking water in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran

Abstract

While fluoride (F) is an essential anion to keep the human body healthy, high F intake could lead to serious health problems. The monitoring of F in drinking water as the main route of F intake, is a key factor in preventing its negative health consequences. Here, we present the F levels in drinking water distribution networks of Khorasan Razavi province in Iran which collected during 2016–2017. The non-cancer human risk attributed to F in municipal and rural regions, also, estimated by calculating the chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) for adults and children. Samples taken from drinking water distribution network in 112 different locations across the Khorasan Razavi and the F concentration determined using standard SPADNS Method. Having a minimum of 0.09 and 0.16 and a maximum of 1.7 and 1.1 mg L−1, the mean F level in municipal and rural samples were 0.74 and 0.59 mg L−1, respectively. The mean CDI values for F in municipal samples were 1.3×10−2, 3.34×10−4, and 8.56×10−6 mg kg−1day−1, for men, women, and children, respectively. The CDI for rural samples were 1.51×10−2, 3.88×10−4, and 9.96×10−6 mg kg−1day−1, for men, women, and children, respectively. The mean HQ of F for men, women, and children in municipal and rural samples were 2.17×10−1, 5.56×10−3, and 1.43×10−4, and 2.44×10−1, 6.26×10−3 and 1.61×10−4, respectively. Locations with a HQ>1, needs appropriate strategies for reducing the F level in drinking water to prevent the potential health risks.

Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Elements and Microplastics in the Water Treatment Facility

“…Table 6 shows that all HQ values of the PTEs were less than one for adults and children. Consequently, evaluating the human health risk associated with all detected trace elements revealed that the HQ values exhibit a satisfactory degree of non-carcinogenic adverse health risk (Turdi and Yang 2016;Ghaderpoori et al 2018). nevertheless, regular monitoring is still required since unexpected contamination may occur.…”

Distribution of fluoride in surface water and a health risk assessment in the upper reaches of the Yongding River

“…Natural sources of fluoride occur from the erosion of fluoride-rich minerals, especially granites and volcanic rocks, and these represent the normal route of fluoride in waters (Yousefi et al, 2019). Anthropogenic activities also play an important role in the process by which fluoride is transported into waters (Mohammadi et al, 2017;Ghaderpoori et al, 2018). These activities included aluminum smelters, industrial plants that manufacture hydrofluoric acid, metal extraction and mining, electric and electronic industries, phosphate fertilizer plants, textile dyeing, plastics factories and thermal power plants (Ayoob and Gupta, 2006;Yousefi et al, 2019).…”

Evaluation and Geostatistical Study of Toxicological Risk by Water Ingestion with Al, Ba, Fe and Pb in Communities Close to Industrial Areas in the Brazilian Amazon

“…1where I is the intake of contaminated water (mg kg -1 day -1 ), C is the concentration of metal in the water (mg L -1 ), IR is the water intake rate (L day -1 ), EF is the frequency of exposure (days year -1 ), ED is the average duration of exposure (year), BW is the average body weight of the subject during exposure (kg), and AT is the average period of exposure, in days. 35 The data regarding the water consumption of the population were obtained through questionnaires applied in the communities. Only the mean time at which contaminants may cause non-carcinogenic or systemic effects to human health, which includes miscellaneous conditions other than cancer or gene mutations, was considered.…”