Socioeconomic Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Adult Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Ombrellaro, Katherine J.; Perumal, Nita; Zeiher, Johannes; Hoebel, Jens; Ittermann, Till; Ewert, Ralf; Dörr, Marcus; Keil, Thomas; Mensink, Gert B. M.; Finger, Jonas D.

doi:10.1186/s40798-018-0137-0

Cited by 27 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Age (continuous), education (four categories: compulsory, upper secondary, university, higher academic education), gender (man, woman), smoking (yes, sometimes, no), and general health (very good, good, fair, poor, very poor) were based on self-reported data from the baseline questionnaire. These covariates were included based on earlier research regarding their associations with the exposures and outcomes [9,[39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour are Associated with Sickness Absence in Office Workers

Drake

Ekblom

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Physical activity reduces the risk of several noncommunicable diseases, and a number of studies have found self-reported physical activity to be associated with sickness absence. The aim of this study was to examine if cardiorespiratory fitness, device-measured physical activity, and sedentary behaviour were associated with sickness absence among office workers. Participants were recruited from two Swedish companies. Data on sickness absence (frequency and duration) and covariates were collected via questionnaires. Physical activity pattern was assessed using ActiGraph and activPAL, and fitness was estimated from submaximal cycle ergometry. The sample consisted of 159 office workers (67% women, aged 43 ± 8 years). Higher cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with a lower odds ratio (OR) for both sickness absence duration (OR = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.96) and frequency (OR = 0.93, 95% CI 0.90–0.97). Sedentary time was positively associated with higher odds of sickness absence frequency (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 0.99–1.08). No associations were found for physical activity at any intensity level and sickness absence. Higher sickness absence was found among office workers with low cardiorespiratory fitness and more daily time spent sedentary. In contrast to reports using self-reported physical activity, device-measured physical activity was not associated with sickness absence.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour are Associated with Sickness Absence in Office Workers

Drake

Ekblom

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…performed in order to identify potential individual and socioeconomic correlates of CRF 8,14,16 . Potential interpersonal correlates of CRF were derived from evidence regarding the association of these factors and PA 12,27,28 .…”

Section: Potential Correlates Of Cardiorespiratory Fitness a Comprehmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual and interpersonal correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in adults – Findings from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey

Zeiher

Manz

Kuntz

et al. 2020

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Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an established predictor of adverse health outcomes. The aim of this study is to investigate potential behavioral, interpersonal and socioeconomic correlates of CRF among men and women living in Germany using data from a population-based nationwide cross-sectional study. 1,439 men and 1,486 women aged 18-64 participated in the German Health Interview and Examination Survey (2008-2011) and completed a standardized sub-maximal cycle ergometer test. Maximal oxygen consumption ( VO max 2) in ml•min −1 •kg −1 was estimated. Mean values of VO 2 max for various anthropometric, behavioral, interpersonal, and sociodemographic variables were estimated. Linear regression analyses using multiple imputations technique for missing values was performed to analyze the influence of potential correlates on CRF. Women with high alcohol consumption had higher  VO max 2 , (β = 2.20; 95% CI 0.98 to 3.42) than women with low alcohol consumption and women with high occupational status had higher  VO max 2 (β = 1.83; 95% CI 0.21 to 3.44) in comparison to women with low occupational status. Among men, high fruit intake (β = 1.52; 95% CI 0.63 to 2.40), compared to low or medium fruit intake and performing at least 2.5 hours of total PA per week (β = 2.19; 95% CI 1.11 to 3.28), compared to less than 2.5 hours was associated with higher  VO max 2. Among both men and women, lower body mass index, lower waist circumference and higher levels of physical exercise were considerably associated with higher  VO max 2. Among women, those in higher age groups showed a considerably lower level of  VO max 2 compared with those aged 18-24. Furthermore, mean estimated  VO max 2 was higher among men (36.5; 95% CI 36.0 to 37.0) than among women (30.3; 95% CI 29.8 to 30.7). Despite the cross-sectional nature of the current study, we conclude that several behavioral, anthropometric, and sociodemographic factors are associated with CRF in the general adult population in Germany. These results can provide evidence to tailor prevention measures according to the needs of specific subgroups. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important marker of cardiovascular health and thus a crucial factor in the prevention of non-communicable diseases. CRF, defined as the ability of circulatory, respiratory and muscular systems to supply oxygen during prolonged physical exercise 1 , has a strong inverse relation to the incidence cardiovascular diseases 2 , cancer 3 , diabetes mellitus, depression 4 and all-cause mortality 2. Taking into account the impact of CRF on individual health, efforts should be taken to enhance fitness in the general population. For the development of adequate interventions, knowledge about the causes of CRF, as well as population groups at elevated risk of having a low CRF, is crucial. Figure 1 shows a conceptual framework of the potential correlates

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“…3 Relatively lower levels of leisure time physical activity and CRF have been reported in low SES individuals as compared with those of high SES groups. 4 Previous studies have also reported that the low CRF levels in low SES individuals could in part explain the socioeconomic disparities in all-cause mortality. 5,6 Low leisure time physical activity may be fostered by lack of resources in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods, such as the absence of sidewalks, fewer accessible recreational facilities, relatively unsafe outdoor exercise environments and reduced opportunities to engage in leisure time physical activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Fitness for Richer, for Poorer

Kokkinos

Myers

2020

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Accumulating evidence supports the concept that low socioeconomic status (SES) is emerging as a contributor to all-cause mortality and cardiovascular risk and that it is equivalent to traditional risk factors. 1 This increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk may be mediated by behavioral, psychological, social and biological risk factors that are more prevalent in low SES individuals, and even disparities in standards of patient care. 1,2 Increased cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to lower CVD risk and all-cause mortality independent of other risk factors, race and gender in high-risk populations. 3 Relatively lower levels of leisure time physical activity and CRF have been reported in low SES individuals as compared with those of high SES groups. 4 Previous studies have also reported that the low CRF levels in low SES individuals could in part explain the socioeconomic disparities in all-cause mortality. 5,6 Low leisure time physical activity may be fostered by lack of resources in socioeconomically deprived neighborhoods, such as the absence of sidewalks, fewer accessible recreational facilities, relatively unsafe outdoor exercise environments and reduced opportunities to engage in leisure time physical activity. 7 Longitudinal studies have demonstrated that neighborhoods with favorable physical activity environments are associated with increased individual and group physical activities and better cardiovascular risk profiles. 8,9 This suggests that the lower levels of physical activity observed among low SES groups is in part due to the built environment. By extension, the worse cardiovascular outcomes and higher mortality among lower SES groups may well be due in part to these environmental factors. In the study by Jae et al. 10 published in the current issue, the investigators sought to assess the independent and combined effects of CRF and SES in 2368 men, participants in the Kuopio Ischaemic Heart Disease Risk study. SES was determined by self-reported questionnaires by way of a summary index that combined measures of income, education, occupational prestige, material standard of living, and housing conditions. CRF was based on directly measured oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ), the most objective marker of CRF. Blood pressure, glucose and lipid levels, and body mass index were assessed.Risk factors including smoking, the presence of chronic disease, medications, and related demographic/lifestyle information were evaluated by standardized selfadministered questionnaires. Physical activity levels and estimated caloric expenditure (kcal/day) were also assessed using a 12-month physical activity history modified from the Minnesota leisure-time physical activity questionnaire. Although the investigators did not elaborate on the relevance of the latter data, it would have been of interest to do so.SES was inversely and independently associated with risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. Directly measured peak oxygen uptake among low SES individuals was approximately 3.8 ml/kg/min lower compare...

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Socioeconomic Correlates and Determinants of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the General Adult Population: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Cited by 27 publications

References 103 publications

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour are Associated with Sickness Absence in Office Workers

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Device-Measured Sedentary Behaviour are Associated with Sickness Absence in Office Workers

Individual and interpersonal correlates of cardiorespiratory fitness in adults – Findings from the German Health Interview and Examination Survey

Fitness for Richer, for Poorer

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