Regional Spatial-Temporal Spread of Citrus Huanglongbing Is Affected by Rain in Florida

Shimwela, Mpoki; Schubert, T. S.; Albritton, M; Halbert, Susan E.; Jones, Debra; Sun, Xiao; Roberts, Pamela D.; Singer, Burton H.; Lee, W S; Jones, Jeffrey B.; Ploetz, R. C.; Bruggen, A.H.C. van

doi:10.1094/phyto-03-18-0088-r

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The density and size of hosts can significantly affect the ability of a pathogen to invade an area, as more clustered hosts can often lead to rapid transmission of disease between susceptible individuals (Anderson & May, 1986; Holt et al, 2003). Environmental factors like precipitation, temperature, and relative humidity also affect the invasion of a pathogen (Anderegg et al, 2013; Shimwela et al, 2018). Understanding how host and environmental factors affect pathogen invasions in forests is critical to predict where and when further spread into new regions will occur.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vectored pathosystems have the added complexity of environmental effects on the vector, as well as behaviour‐mediated tolerance to extreme conditions. Many environmental factors like wind speed and precipitation can favour or limit the dispersal of plant pathogens and their vectors (Shimwela et al, 2018), and prolonged environmental stress such as drought can predispose trees to bark beetle attacks and subsequent disease development (Anderegg et al, 2013; Wong & Daniels, 2017). Some environmental variables that are frequently associated with disease are also collected at global scales, making them amenable for disease risk modelling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host density dependence and environmental factors affecting laurel wilt disease incidence

Choudhury

Hughes

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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Host size, density, and distribution, in addition to climate, can affect the likelihood a pathogen will invade and saturate landscapes. Laurel wilt, caused by the vector‐borne pathogen Raffaelea lauricola, has devastated populations of native Lauraceae in the south‐eastern USA, and continues to spread. We surveyed 87 plots in six coastal islands in South Carolina, Georgia, and north Florida, and one inland site (Archbold Biological Station) in south Florida for laurel wilt‐affected and unaffected individual plants belonging to the genus Persea. The coastal island sites were surveyed once in 2008 or 2009, and the inland site was surveyed eight times from 2011 to 2013. Disease incidence per plot ranged from 0% to 96%, with mean disease incidence 42% across all sites. Disease incidence was positively correlated with trunk diameter and with density of hosts with trunk diameter >5 cm, but negatively correlated with the degree of clustering, which was highest for small trees. A recursive partitioning model indicated that higher disease incidence was associated with moderate temperatures, wider trunk diameter, lower relative humidity, and lower wind speeds. Disease progress over time at Archbold followed a Gompertz curve, plateauing at 3% in 2 years. The dispersal kernel for disease incidence from a focus followed a negative exponential distribution. The number of plots with diseased trees at Archbold was similar for redbay (P. borbonia) and swampbay (P. palustris) but was lower for silkbay (P. humilis). Understanding how host density, size, and diversity interact with environmental effects will help guide future risk prediction efforts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host density dependence and environmental factors affecting laurel wilt disease incidence

Choudhury

Hughes

et al. 2020

Plant Pathology

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“…Unlike Florida, South Texas is characterized by dry and hot summers, thus limiting the production of flush shoots and ACP population during these summer months (Sétamou and Bartels 2015). HLB incidence is also known to be positively correlated to total rainfall (Shimwela et al 2018;Sétamou et al 2020). In addition, lower tree reinfection may occur in Texas due to lower ACP populations in groves due to the areawide management program (Sétamou et al 2020).…”

Section: Prognosis For Texasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Status of Huanglongbing (HLB) outbreaks in Florida, California and Texas

Graham

Gottwald

Sétamou

2020

Trop. plant pathol.

121

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Nowhere in the U.S. is Huanglongbing (HLB) under adequate control due to the lack of effective tools to reduce spread of the vector, Diaphorina citri (Asian citrus psyllid), and transmission of the associated pathogen, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, in the absence of disease resistance in commercial citrus varieties. In Florida, Asian citrus psyllid was well established by the time of HLB discovery and growers did not remove trees to eliminate inoculum, so there was no chance of controlling the epidemic. Based on the Florida experience, Texas proactively controlled the vector by implementing area-wide management and disease spread was slower than in Florida, however, they also did not remove infected trees. California controlled both ACP and tree inoculum and have delayed the development of an epidemic in the Central Valley. This situation is aided by topographic isolation from the Los Angeles basin where ACP and HLB are endemic and a climate distinctly different from other citrus growing regions in the U.S.

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“…The population of ACP increases after shoot flushing peaks in citrus trees (Laranjeira et al 2019;Cifuentes-Arenas et al 2018;Hall et al 2008;Pluke et al 2008;Tsai et al 2002;Yamamoto et al 2001). Additionally, in areas where the disease is endemic, the progress of HLB is not only restricted to a synchronism between flushing periods in commercial groves and peaks of ACP migrating from neighboring areas but also to environmental conditions affecting some components of the pathosystem (Lopes et al 2017;Shimwela et al 2018). Therefore, chemical control of ACP especially during flush shoots is critical for any HLB management program.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Huanglongbing incidence, canopy volume, and sprouting dynamics of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange grafted onto 16 rootstocks

Rodrigues

Moreira

Stuchi

et al. 2020

Trop. plant pathol.

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Huanglongbing (HLB), the most important citrus disease worldwide, is associated with bacteria transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) preferably through new shoots present in the canopy. In a commercial citrus plant, the vegetative growth of the scion is influenced by the rootstock variety in which it is grafted. Although all commercial citrus varieties planted in recent years are susceptible to HLB, the dynamics of the rootstock in grafted plant could influence the progress of HLB, whether at the plant or grove scale. In this work, HLB incidence in 'Valencia' sweet orange grafted onto 16 rootstocks and its relationship to the tree canopy volume and flushing dynamics were evaluated in a field trial under ACP control. The experiment was conducted under rainfed conditions in Bebedouro, state of São Paulo, Brazil, from 2011 to 2019. 'Flying Dragon' trifoliate orange known for its dwarfing characteristics was used as the rootstock. A reduction in canopy volume by 77% at 8 years of age were observed compared to the most vigorous rootstocks. The frequency of flush shoots of 'Valencia' sweet orange was not influenced by the rootstock, but the abundance of flush shoots was lower on three semi-dwarfing rootstocks and as well as 'Flying Dragon'. Although HLB incidence on 'Flying Dragon' was lower than on 'Rangpur' lime and other three semi-standard rootstocks (trees with canopy volume between 51 and 75% of the 'Rangpur' lime canopy volume), all other combinations had similar HLB disease progress regardless of the canopy volume and flushing dynamics. Moreover, under field conditions, variations on the cumulative HLB incidence greater than 26% were necessary to significantly separate rootstocks. Therefore, the results suggest that true dwarfing rootstocks have potential to integrate the management program for HLB and that mechanisms in addition to tree vigor appear to be involved in the host-vector relationship.

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Regional Spatial-Temporal Spread of Citrus Huanglongbing Is Affected by Rain in Florida

Cited by 19 publications

References 48 publications

Host density dependence and environmental factors affecting laurel wilt disease incidence

Host density dependence and environmental factors affecting laurel wilt disease incidence

Status of Huanglongbing (HLB) outbreaks in Florida, California and Texas

Huanglongbing incidence, canopy volume, and sprouting dynamics of ‘Valencia’ sweet orange grafted onto 16 rootstocks

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