Abstract:A detailed understanding of the factors governing nanomaterial biodistribution is needed to rationally design safe nanomedicines. This research details the pharmacokinetics of gold nanoparticle (AuNP) biodistribution after arterial infusion of 40 or 80 nm AuNP (1 μg/ml) into the isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF). AuNP had surface coatings consisting of neutral polyethylene glycol (PEG), anionic lipoic acid (LA), or cationic branched polyethylenimine (BPEI). Effect of a porcine plasma corona (PPC) on … Show more
“…As a result, smaller GNPs can contribute to an inflammatory response, due to their interactions with these proteins, highlighting the necessity for proper functionalization [91]. Another factor that impacts biodistribution is the surface charge, which can be controlled by various surface conjugations, such as with PEG [92,93]. The addition of PEG to 20 nm glucose-functionalized GNPs has been shown to increase the half-life period from 1.23 h to 6.17 h [94].…”
Section: Intracellular Fate Of Gold Nanoparticles Based On Their Physmentioning
According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.
“…As a result, smaller GNPs can contribute to an inflammatory response, due to their interactions with these proteins, highlighting the necessity for proper functionalization [91]. Another factor that impacts biodistribution is the surface charge, which can be controlled by various surface conjugations, such as with PEG [92,93]. The addition of PEG to 20 nm glucose-functionalized GNPs has been shown to increase the half-life period from 1.23 h to 6.17 h [94].…”
Section: Intracellular Fate Of Gold Nanoparticles Based On Their Physmentioning
According to the global cancer observatory (GLOBOCAN), there are approximately 18 million new cancer cases per year worldwide. Cancer therapies are largely limited to surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. In radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the maximum tolerated dose is presently being used to treat cancer patients. The integrated development of innovative nanoparticle (NP) based approaches will be a key to address one of the main issues in both radiotherapy and chemotherapy: normal tissue toxicity. Among other inorganic NP systems, gold nanoparticle (GNP) based systems offer the means to further improve chemotherapy through controlled delivery of chemotherapeutics, while local radiotherapy dose can be enhanced by targeting the GNPs to the tumor. There have been over 20 nanotechnology-based therapeutic products approved for clinical use in the past two decades. Hence, the goal of this review is to understand what we have achieved so far and what else we can do to accelerate clinical use of GNP-based therapeutic platforms to minimize normal tissue toxicity while increasing the efficacy of the treatment. Nanomedicine will revolutionize future cancer treatment options and our ultimate goal should be to develop treatments that have minimum side effects, for improving the quality of life of all cancer patients.
“…Biomolecule coronas may transform NMs by also modulating their colloidal stability and/or zeta potential. 4,10,11,22,29,35,[38][39][40]44,45,47,48,54,55,65 Summarizing the results of numerous studies, (patho)biological and ecological environments seem to be facing mainly negatively-charged, protein corona-covered NMs, irrespective of the NM's initial zeta potential. 46,55,59,[66][67][68] Although we only tested a selection of relevant NMs, our data demonstrates that binding to also negatively charged bacteria occurs and thus, that binding cannot be predicted by colloidal electrostatics alone in the absence or presence of biomolecules.…”
Nanomaterials are promising novel antibiotics, but often ineffective. We found that nanomaterial-bacteria complex formation occurred with various nanomaterials. The bactericidal activity of NMs strongly depends on their physical binding to...
“…From those papers, morphological comparison studies of nanomaterials showed that the dissolution behavior and the biological effects of wire-shaped nanomaterials are distinctly different from the dissolution behavior and adverse effects of nanosphere or nanoplate analogues (M€ uller et al 2010;George et al 2012;Sohn et al 2015;Nam and An 2019). Intrinsic properties such as size, surface chemistry, and charge of nanowires could play a key role in controlling their adverse effects to organisms, as has been widely confirmed by studies on spherical nanomaterials (Nam and An 2019;Majumdar et al 2019;Riviere et al 2018). To the best of our knowledge, less than 15 studies have been published in which the impact of physicochemical properties of nanowires on their toxic effects were examined.…”
Functionalized high-aspect-ratio silver nanowires (AgNWs) have been recognized as one of the most promising alternatives for fabricating products, with their use ranging from electronic devices to biomedical fields. Given concerns on the safety of AgNWs, there is an urgent need to investigate the relation between intrinsic properties of AgNWs and their toxicity. In this study, lettuce was exposed for either 6 or 18 d to different AgNWs to determine how the size/aspect ratio and coating of AgNWs affect the contributions of the dissolved and particulate Ag to the overall phytotoxicity and uptake kinetics. We found that the uncoated AgNW (39 nm diameter  8.4 mm length) dissolved fastest of all AgNWs investigated. The phytotoxicity, uptake rate constants, and bioaccumulation factors of the PVP-coated AgNW (43 nm diameter  1.8 mm length) and the uncoated AgNW (39 nm diameter  8.4 mm length) were similar, and both were higher than that of the PVP-coated AgNW with the larger diameter(65 nm diameter  4.4 mm length). These results showed that the diameter of the AgNWs predominantly affected toxicity and Ag accumulation in plants. Particulate Ag was found to be the predominant driver/descriptor of overall toxicity and Ag accumulation in the plants rather than dissolved Ag for all AgNWs tested. The relative contribution of dissolved versus particulate Ag to the overall effects was influenced by the exposure concentration and the extent of dissolution of AgNWs. This work highlights inherent particulate-dependent effects of AgNWs in plants and suggests that toxicokinetics should explicitly be considered for more nanomaterials and organisms, consequently providing more realistic input information for their environmental risk assessment.
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