Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (<scp>PEDV</scp>) in Abruzzi region, central‐Italy

Pizzurro, Federica; Cito, Francesca; Zaccaria, Guendalina; Spedicato, Massimo; Cerella, Angelo; Orsini, Massimiliano; Forzan, Mario; D’Alterio, Nicola; Lorusso, Alessio; Marcacci, Maurilia

doi:10.1002/vms3.88

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Multiplication of the pathogen outside the cells of the intestine does not happen, which is very important in the study of the mecha-nisms and duration of virus shedding in convalescent piglets. The data obtained in our experiment are consistent with the results of other studies on the timing of conditional and clinical recovery of piglets after initial PED infection (Pasick et al, 2014;Mesquita et al, 2015;Pizzurro et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Peculiarities of PED virus pathogenesis in neonatal non-immune piglets on Ukraine farms

Масюк

Nedzvetsky

Sosnztskyi

et al. 2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The article presents the results of study of the immune and tissue features of pathogenesis of PED virus in neonatal piglets in Ukraine. Clinical and epizootological analysis was performed in three separate agricultural enterprises with adverse epidemiological situation with PED virus. Blood samples and fragments of the small intestine of PEDv infected piglets were used to study the characteristics of the pathogenesis of PED virus. It has been determined that the pathogenesis of super-acute infection by the PED virus in 1–7 day old non-immune piglets proceeds according to the classic type of infectious process with a relay transmission of the pathogen. Moreover, diarrhea syndrome has induced the development of irreversible and lethal pathophysiological lesions by replication the PED virus in enterocytes of infected piglets. Pathogenetic changes observed in PEDv infected piglets were combined with the following components: acute inflammatory-necrotic process in the tissue of the intestine, destruction and desquamation of the epithelium of the small intestine. The infection process on day 3–5 of manifestation of clinical signs of PED virus is accompanied with an increase in the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and monocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit level and aminotransferase activity. In addition, PED virus infection induced an increase in IgM levels and the number of phagocytizing leukocytes with increased aggressiveness and digestive power. The duration of the release of PED virus with feces is 26–37 days after cessation of watery diarrhea. The concentration of PEDv in the feces of convalescent piglets ranged from 120 to 1700 equivalent genome in 1 g of tissue. Parasite coenotic associations of the microbiocenosis of the digestive tract of PED virus infected piglets did not have time to form into stable epitopes. There was a constant quantitative prevalence of transient microbiota and a decrease in the share of probiotic microorganisms. The intestinal microflora consists of random transient microbiota of the environment with pathogenic properties. The results presented show evidence that molecular and cell-mediated immunological events in non-immune piglets have the initial stage of the specific progress of immune response against PEDv.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Peculiarities of PED virus pathogenesis in neonatal non-immune piglets on Ukraine farms

Масюк

Nedzvetsky

Sosnztskyi

et al. 2018

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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“…2), especially those detected in Germany and Austria (99.4–99.5% similarity on aa level) in 2015 [20, 21], which may suggest a trans-boundary route of spread. The amino acid sequence similarity with PEDV strains found in other surrounding countries was slightly lower; 99.0–99.2% with Romanian [20], Italian [22] and Slovenian [23] strains, and only 98.4% with the recombinant Hungarian [18] PEDV strain (sequencing data on the Serbian strain were not available). However, when it comes to the S gene-based comparisons, a possibly lower resolution should be taken into account as a limitation factor, which is not the case should the comparison be whole genome sequence-based.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in Croatia: molecular characterization and serology

et al. 2019

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Background Porcine epidemic diarrhoea (PED) is an emergent/re-emergent viral pig disease (caused by the virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family, in specific the Alphacoronavirus genus) of global importance. Clinical presentation is characterized with acute diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration in pigs of all ages, with a possible high mortality in suckling piglets. The disease emerged in the USA in 2013 causing heavy losses, and re-emerged in Europe in 2014, but with milder consequences. Results In the spring 2016, PED-like symptoms were reported to be seen on an agricultural holding in Eastern Croatia; laboratory workup confirmed the Croatia’s first PED outbreak ever. Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) strain responsible for the outbreak was of the S-INDEL genotype, much the same as other European PEDV strains. In 2017, a post-outbreak serology was carried out in three counties in Eastern Croatia, revealing seropositivity in pigs bred on four large industrial holdings (9.09%). The seroprevalence across PEDV-positive holdings was up to 82.8%. The latter holdings were unanimously managed by an enterprise that had never reported PED before. Conclusions PED has emerged in Croatian pig population causing potentially considerable losses. The circulating strain was of the S-INDEL genotype. Serological workup proved PEDV spread to another four agricultural holdings, demonstrating the importance of not only external, but also internal biosecurity measures.

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“…On the other hand, in this study we performed the SISPA amplification before the sequencing run. SISPA is an established protocol which permitted, through random primer amplification, the identification and characterization of several viruses, including different avian RNA viruses 30 , Schmallenberg virus 31 , Hepatitis C virus from clinical biopsy samples 32 , a novel mink astrovirus 33 , viruses from human stool samples 34 , porcine epidemic diarrhea virus from swine feces 35 , classical and atypical Bluetongue virus serotypes from blood samples 36–39 , feline morbillivirus from urine 40 and viruses responsible for respiratory tract infections 41 . Moreover, recently our group combined successfully SISPA and MinION sequencing for the identification of bovine enterovirus from a cell-culture isolate 6 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and characterization of canine distemper virus through sequencing by MinION nanopore technology

Peserico

Marcacci

Malatesta

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Prompt identification of the causative pathogen of an infectious disease is essential for the choice of treatment or preventive measures. In this perspective, nucleic acids purified from the brain tissue of a dog succumbed after severe neurological signs were processed with the MinION (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, Oxford UK) sequencing technology. Canine distemper virus (CDV) sequence reads were detected. Subsequently, a specific molecular test and immunohistochemistry were used to confirm the presence of CDV RNA and antigen, respectively, in tissues. This study supports the use of the NGS in veterinary clinical practice with potential advantages in terms of rapidity and broad-range of molecular diagnosis.

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Outbreak of porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in Abruzzi region, central‐Italy

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Peculiarities of PED virus pathogenesis in neonatal non-immune piglets on Ukraine farms

Peculiarities of PED virus pathogenesis in neonatal non-immune piglets on Ukraine farms

The emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhoea in Croatia: molecular characterization and serology

Diagnosis and characterization of canine distemper virus through sequencing by MinION nanopore technology

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