Principles and approaches for reproducible scoring of tissue stains in research

Meyerholz, David K.; Beck, Amanda P.

doi:10.1038/s41374-018-0057-0

Cited by 192 publications

(225 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…There are several tissue handling (preanalytical) factors that can significantly affect the quality and specificity of immunostaining and its analysis. These have been discussed earlier sections of the paper and in several reviews [20,52,[60][61][62][63]. Similarly, there are many factors during the staining procedure that itself can also influence the results.…”

Section: Immunostainingmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…High-quality descriptions will help the reader (including reviewers) better understand what was seen and allow for others to reproduce the study. Table 2 Methods of masking to prevent observer bias [22,[52][53][54]…”

Section: Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown above, qualitative descriptions of tissue changes are useful and necessary, but they are less applicable in terms of group comparisons. More robust and reproducible methods are desirable and these criteria can be sought in tissue scoring systems (semiquantitative and quantitative) that produce data that allow for statistical analyses for evaluation of group differences (see Note 5) [52,53]. Importantly, these scoring principles can be applied to tissue lesions (gross and/or histopathologic) as well as immunostained sections.…”

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nominal approaches do not score or make quantitative measurements on tissue samples, but rather each sample is assigned to welldefined categories [52,54]. The numbers of samples assigned to each category are recorded and evaluated with appropriate statistical tests.…”

Section: Nominal Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Semiquantitative approaches are used to transform qualitative tissue changes into numerical scores using specific morphologic criteria [52,53]. Semiquantitative methods have several advantages in that they can be done with minimal technical resources, quickly at the microscope for small to medium studies, provide guidance for future quantitative studies, and provide complementary data for publication [52][53][54]. The most commonly used semiquantitative methods produce ordinal scores.…”

Section: Semiquantitative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathologic Evaluation and Scoring of Viral Lung Infection

Meyerholz

Beck

2019

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Emergent coronaviruses such as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV can cause significant morbidity and mortality in infected individuals. Lung infection is a common clinical feature and contributes to disease severity as well as viral transmission. Animal models are often required to study viral infections and therapies, especially during an initial outbreak. Histopathology studies allow for identification of lesions and affected cell types to better understand viral pathogenesis and clarify effective therapies. Use of immunostaining allows detection of presumed viral receptors and viral tropism for cells can be evaluated to correlate with lesions. In the lung, lesions and immunostaining can be qualitatively described to define the cell types, microanatomic location, and type of changes seen. These features are important and necessary, but this approach can have limitations when comparing treatment groups. Semiquantitative and quantitative tissue scores are more rigorous as these provide the ability to statistically compare groups and increase the reproducibility and rigor of the study. This review describes principles, approaches, and resources that can be useful to evaluate coronavirus lung infection, focusing on MER-CoV infection as the principal example.

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Section: Immunostainingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Lesionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nominal Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Semiquantitative Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histopathologic Evaluation and Scoring of Viral Lung Infection

Meyerholz

Beck

2019

Methods in Molecular Biology

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Parol‐Kulczyk,

Durślewicz,

Blonkowska

et al. 2024

The Journal of Pathology CR

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Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is one of the most common subtypes of renal cancer, with 30% of patients presenting with systemic disease at diagnosis. This aggressiveness is a consequence of the activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) caused by many different inducers or regulators, signaling cascades, epigenetic regulation, and the tumor environment. Alterations in EMT‐related genes and transcription factors are associated with poor prognosis in ccRCC. EMT‐related factors suppress E‐cadherin expression and are associated with tumor progression, local invasion, and metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels and prognostic significance of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), β‐catenin, and E‐cadherin in ccRCC patients. We examined these proteins immunohistochemically in tumor areas and adjacent normal tissues resected from patients with ccRCC. Analysis of the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort was performed to verify our results. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that median overall survival (OS) was significantly shorter in patients with tumors exhibiting high MIFn and MIFm‐c levels compared to those with low MIFn and MIFm‐c levels (p = 0.03 and p = 0.007, respectively). In the TCGA cohort, there was a significant correlation between MIF expression and OS (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, this study provides further evidence for the biological and prognostic value of MIF in the context of EMT as a potential early prognostic marker for advanced‐stage ccRCC.

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Aptamer‐Conjugated Biocompatible Nanospheres for Fluorescent Imaging–Guided Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Targeted Phototherapeutic Modality

Zhang

Xie

Liu

et al. 2022

Advanced NanoBiomed Research

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Conventional strategies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unsatisfactory due to its invasiveness and poor prognosis. Herein, it is utmost imperative to require alternative modalities with less invasiveness, good clinical efficacy, and low side effects. A combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an emerging modality against refractory HCC. To date a majority of PTT/PDT paradigms has a disappointing therapeutic efficiency, owing to low targeting ability of nanotheranostic agents or imprecise irradiation of lasers. In this study, HCC‐specific targeting aptamer and chlorine e6 (Ce6)‐modified polydopamine (PDA) nanospheres with decoration of Pt quantum dots (termed Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates) are explored to combat HCC in vivo by synergy of PTT and PDT modalities. The Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can effectively accumulate into tumor sites by specifically binding Glypican‐3 (GPC3)‐positive tumor cells, and core of PDA exerts strong optical absorption in near‐infrared (NIR) region to enable photothermal performance. Meanwhile, the moieties of Ce6 subsequently serve as photosensitizers and fluorophores to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and guide phototherapeutics, respectively. The current study finally suggests that Apt‐Ce6‐PDA@Pt bioconjugates can act as a protocol for programmable ablation of HCC and it is believed that it will have a significant impact on clinical translation of promising therapy.

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Principles and approaches for reproducible scoring of tissue stains in research

Cited by 192 publications

References 90 publications

Histopathologic Evaluation and Scoring of Viral Lung Infection

Histopathologic Evaluation and Scoring of Viral Lung Infection

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) predicts survival in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma

Aptamer‐Conjugated Biocompatible Nanospheres for Fluorescent Imaging–Guided Hepatocellular Carcinoma–Targeted Phototherapeutic Modality

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