“…However, several preclinical studies have shown that only a low percentage of implanted MSCs can home to the injured tissue and survive in vivo, suggesting that the therapeutic action is unlikely to be due to replacement of diseased tissue (Wang et al, 2016;Lopez-Santalla et al, 2017). Indeed, we (Ma et al, 2019b) and others (Barnhoorn et al, 2018;Markovic et al, 2018) have demonstrated that the immunosuppressive characteristics of MSCs provide the theoretical grounds for MSCs therapy in experimental IBD models. Recently, MSCs have also been reported to recruit macrophages to alleviate experimental colitis (Liu et al, 2015).…”