The Future of Cochlear Implant Design

Mitchell‐Innes, Alistair; Saeed, Shakeel R; Irving, Richard

doi:10.1159/000485540

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Recorded bioelectrical signals are passed to computerized signal processors that can translate and direct desired motor function (e.g., movement in a robotic prosthesis) or the reverse process where nerves are electrically stimulated to provide feedback to the patient for modulating neural activity and/or restoring sensory function (Hatsopoulos & Donoghue, 2009). There are several examples of neural interfaces that are successfully commercialized including cochlear implants to restore the function of the damaged inner ear (Mitchell‐Innes, Saeed, & Irving, 2017), deep brain stimulators to manage Parkinson's disease (Groiss, Wojtecki, Südmeyer, & Schnitzler, 2009), and retinal prostheses to restore vision (Weiland & Humayun, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtopographical patterns promote different responses in fibroblasts and Schwann cells: A possible feature for neural implants

Mobini

Kuliasha

Siders

et al. 2020

J Biomedical Materials Res

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The chronic reliability of bioelectronic neural interfaces has been challenged by foreign body reactions (FBRs) resulting in fibrotic encapsulation and poor integration with neural tissue. Engineered microtopographies could alleviate these challenges by manipulating cellular responses to the implanted device. Parallel microchannels have been shown to modulate neuronal cell alignment and axonal growth, and Sharklet™ microtopographies of targeted feature sizes can modulate bio-adhesion of an array of bacteria, marine organisms, and epithelial cells due to their unique geometry. We hypothesized that a Sharklet™ micropattern could be identified that inhibited fibroblasts partially responsible for FBR while promoting Schwann cell proliferation and alignment. in vitro cell assays were used to screen the effect of Sharklet™ and channel micropatterns of varying dimensions from 2 to 20 μm on fibroblast and Schwann cell metrics (e.g., morphology/alignment, nuclei count, metabolic activity), and a hierarchical analysis of variance was used to compare treatments. In general, Schwann cells were found to be more metabolically active and aligned than fibroblasts when compared between the same pattern. 20 μm wide channels spaced 2 μm apart were found to promote Schwann cell attachment and alignment while simultaneously inhibiting fibroblasts and warrant further in vivo study on neural interface devices. No statistically significant trends between cellular responses and geometrical parameters were identified because mammalian cells can change their morphology dependent on their environment in a manner dissimilar to bacteria. Our results showed although surface patterning is a strong physical tool for modulating cell behavior, responses to micropatterns are highly dependent on the cell type.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microtopographical patterns promote different responses in fibroblasts and Schwann cells: A possible feature for neural implants

Mobini

Kuliasha

Siders

et al. 2020

J Biomedical Materials Res

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“…Payments related to cochlear implants, the most abundant item within the field of otology, have been steadily increasing from 2014 to 2018. This correlates with the continued interest in improvement of cochlear implant technology and expansion of its candidacy 22,23 . Additionally, ear drops were linked to many industry payments, which is a high‐volume item prescribed especially in pediatric and otologic practice in patients with ear tubes 24 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…This correlates with the continued interest in improvement of cochlear implant technology and expansion of its candidacy. 22,23 Additionally, ear drops were linked to many industry payments, which is a high-volume item prescribed especially in pediatric and otologic practice in patients with ear tubes. 24 Competition among generic and brand name ear drops is likely the main reason for the manufacturers' continued payments to otolaryngologists to maintain their presence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Financial Transactions from Manufacturers to Otolaryngologists in 2018

et al. 2020

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Objective To characterize in depth non‐research and research payments from industry to otolaryngologists in 2018 with an emphasis on product types. Methods Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments program was used for data collection: payment amount, the nature of payments, products associated with the payments, date of the payments, and companies making the payments were studied. Products associated with the payments were classified by categorical type. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results There were 70,172 payments for a total of $11,001,875 made to otolaryngologists in 2018 with a median payment of $19. Food and beverage had the highest number of payments made (89.96%). Consulting fees (33.46%) composed the highest total payment amount. The two companies that contributed the highest amount were Stryker Corporation and Intersect ENT Inc. Sinus conditions had the most products within the top 25 products associated with payments. The top five products with the highest payments received were for balloon sinus dilation, nasal spray, sinus implant, Botox, and cochlear implant. There was a bimodal payment distribution demonstrating a higher number of payments made in the spring and fall. Conclusion Our study is the first to review payments to otolaryngologists in 2018 and classify these payments into product types. The products and companies that contributed the highest payments were associated with sinus conditions. The products that dominated in each subspecialty of otolaryngology coincide with clinical practice trends and emerging technologies. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope, 131:E388–E394, 2021

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“…From the single-channel processors used in the early 1960s, the CI devices are nowadays equipped with multiple channels, allowing for the stimulation of multiple cochlear locations. The CI stimulus processing strategies have also evolved, targeting a higher performance index regarding auditory pathway activation [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, it could be possible to even further enhance auditory rehabilitation, for example, by releasing local growth factors/neurotrophins targeting specific spiral ganglion neurons. This approach could boost a CI’s neural performance by stimulating the neuronal response to electric stimulation; on the other hand, it could allow for the protection of the inner ear structures from cochlear mechanical trauma that is caused by the insertion of the CI electrodes [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%