Effects of estradiol on lactoprivic signaling of the hindbrain upon the contraregulatory hormonal response and metabolic neuropeptide synthesis in hypoglycemic female rats

Abstract

Distinct physiological patterns of E secretion characteristic of the female rat estrous cycle elicit differential corticosterone outflow during hypoglycemia, and establish both common and different hypothalamic metabolic neurotransmitter targets of hindbrain lactate deficit signaling. Outcomes emphasize a need for insight on systems-level organization, interaction, and involvement of E signal strength-sensitive neuropeptides in counter-regulatory functions.

Neuroestradiol regulation of ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase activity and counterregulatory hormone secretion in hypoglycemic male versus female rats

“…57401; Stoelting Co., Kiel, WI), as shown in Figure 2 , from sections cut at rostral (−2.0 to −2.3 mm), middle (−2.5 to −2.8), and caudal (−3.0 to −3.3 mm) levels of the VMN, and pooled according to region in lysis buffer [18] for Western blot analysis. Accuracy of use of micropunch methodology for collection of distinctive hypothalamic loci of interest, including the VMN, as indicated by marker protein expression, has been verified [19] . In each treatment group, tissue lysate aliquots from individual subjects were combined for rostral, middle, and caudal VMN to create six separate sample pools for each protein of interest for each VMN segment.…”

Glycogen Phosphorylase Isoform Regulation of Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus Gluco-Regulatory Neuron 5′-AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Transmitter Marker Protein Expression

“…57401; Stoelting Co., Kiel, WI), and pooled in lysis buffer (2.0% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 0.05 M dithiothreitol, 10.0% glycerol, 1.0 mM EDTA Ibrahim et al, 2019). Accuracy of use of micropunch technology for collection of distinctive hypothalamic loci of interest, including the VMN, as indicated by distinctive marker protein expression, has been validated (Mandal et al, 2017(Mandal et al, , 2018. For each treatment group, micropunch tissue lysate aliquots from individual subjects were combined to generate quadruplicate sample pools for each target protein, for example, GPbb and GPmm, for each rostro-caudal segment.…”