The Expression of Galanin in the Parafacial Respiratory Group and its Effects on Respiration in Neonatal Rats

Bautista, Tara G.; Fong, Angelina Y.; Pilowsky, Paul M.; Ikeda, Keiko; Kawakami, Kiyoshi; Spirovski, Darko; Onimaru, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.05.009

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In addition, recent studies have shown the involvement of galanin in brainstem cardio-respiratory function. For instance, galanin is notably present within a subset of neurons of a respiratory central chemoreceptor region in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, namely the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) in the parafacial region in neonate and adult rodents ( 94 – 97 ). These neurons could be characterized by Phox2b-positive and VGlut2-positive and thus were excitatory, although galanin itself induced inhibitory effects on respiratory activity ( 94 , 98 ).…”

Section: The Role Of Galanin Galp and Alarin In The Neuroendocrine Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin family peptides: Molecular structure, expression and roles in the neuroendocrine axis and in the spinal cord

Zhu

Bennett

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Galanin is a neurohormone as well as a neurotransmitter and plays versatile physiological roles for the neuroendocrine axis, such as regulating food intake, insulin level and somatostatin release. It is expressed in the central nervous system, including hypothalamus, pituitary, and the spinal cord, and colocalises with other neuronal peptides within neurons. Structural analyses reveal that the human galanin precursor is 104 amino acid (aa) residues in length, consisting of a mature galanin peptide (aa 33-62), and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP; aa 63-104) at the C-terminus. GMAP appears to exhibit distinctive biological effects on anti-fungal activity and the spinal flexor reflex. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) has a similar structure to galanin and acts as a hypothalamic neuropeptide to mediate metabolism and reproduction, food intake, and body weight. Alarin, a differentially spliced variant of GALP, is specifically involved in vasoactive effect in the skin and ganglionic differentiation in neuroblastic tumors. Dysregulation of galanin, GALP and alarin has been implicated in various neuroendocrine conditions such as nociception, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, eating disorders, alcoholism, diabetes, and spinal cord conditions. Further delineation of the common and distinctive effects and mechanisms of various types of galanin family proteins could facilitate the design of therapeutic approaches for neuroendocrine diseases and spinal cord injury.

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Section: The Role Of Galanin Galp and Alarin In The Neuroendocrine Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Galanin family peptides: Molecular structure, expression and roles in the neuroendocrine axis and in the spinal cord

Zhu

Bennett

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…2008, 2014; Bautista et al . 2018). The other subpopulation is CO 2 insensitive, inhibitory and does not express NK1R, Phox2b or galanin (Onimaru et al .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…At birth, the expiratory oscillator, referred to as the parafacial respiratory group, is comprised of at least two neuronal subpopulations that discharge during the late expiratory phase (active expiration). One subpopulation is indistinguishable from chemosensitive neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN); they are CO 2 sensitive, glutamatergic and have the same molecular profile; for example, they express NK1R, Phox2b and galanin but do not express TH (Onimaru et al 2008(Onimaru et al , 2014Bautista et al 2018). The other subpopulation is CO 2 insensitive, inhibitory and does not express NK1R, Phox2b or galanin (Onimaru et al 2014), clearly distinct from chemosensitive RTN neurons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Release your inhibitions: The role of post‐inhibitory rebound and synaptic inhibition in the generation of expiratory activity

Huckstepp

Funk

2021

The Journal of Physiology

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Cell Responses of the Ventrolateral Medulla to PAR1 Activation and Changes in Respiratory Rhythm in Newborn Rat En Bloc Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparations

et al. 2023

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The Expression of Galanin in the Parafacial Respiratory Group and its Effects on Respiration in Neonatal Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Galanin family peptides: Molecular structure, expression and roles in the neuroendocrine axis and in the spinal cord

Galanin family peptides: Molecular structure, expression and roles in the neuroendocrine axis and in the spinal cord

Release your inhibitions: The role of post‐inhibitory rebound and synaptic inhibition in the generation of expiratory activity

Cell Responses of the Ventrolateral Medulla to PAR1 Activation and Changes in Respiratory Rhythm in Newborn Rat En Bloc Brainstem-Spinal Cord Preparations

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