Engineering Hollow Carbon Architecture for High-Performance K-Ion Battery Anode

Abstract

K-ion batteries (KIBs) are now drawing increasing research interest as an inexpensive alternative to Li-ion batteries (LIBs). However, due to the large size of K, stable electrode materials capable of sustaining the repeated K intercalation/deintercalation cycles are extremely deficient especially if a satisfactory reversible capacity is expected. Herein, we demonstrated that the structural engineering of carbon into a hollow interconnected architecture, a shape similar to the neuron-cell network, promised high conceptual and technological potential for a high-performance KIB anode. Using melamine-formaldehyde resin as the starting material, we identify an interesting glass blowing effect of this polymeric precursor during its carbonization, which features a skeleton-softening process followed by its spontaneous hollowing. When used as a KIB anode, the carbon scaffold with interconnected hollow channels can ensure a resilient structure for a stable potassiation/depotassiation process and deliver an extraordinary capacity (340 mAh g at 0.1 C) together with a superior cycling stability (no obvious fading over 150 cycles at 0.5 C).

Sodium/Potassium‐Ion Batteries: Boosting the Rate Capability and Cycle Life by Combining Morphology, Defect and Structure Engineering

“…As for the cycling stability, the N‐CNS performs the best reversible capacity and capacity retention among all anodes investigated here (Figure c), confirming the importance of pyridinic‐N/pyrrolic‐N‐doping in carbon as anode for PIBs . The rate capability of our N‐CNS anode also exceeds all other carbon‐based anode materials for PIBs (Figure d) . Compared with other carbon‐based electrodes reported for PIBs in the literature (Table S2, Supporting Information), the N‐CNS delivers unprecedented long cycle performance (321 mAh g −1 at 5 A g −1 after 5000 cycles), superior rate performance (145 mAh g −1 at 20 A g −1 after 5000 cycles), and high Coulombic efficiency (≈100%) (Figure e and Figure S11, Supporting Information) .…”

Rhenium Diselenide Anchored on Reduced Graphene Oxide as Anode with Cyclic Stability for Potassium‐Ion Battery

“…The high peak ratio of D to G was 1.52, which implied the extremely low crystallinity of rGO. This claim was consistent with the absence of graphene peak in the XRD pattern of the ReSe 2 @rGO sample . The Eg and Ag‐like peaks of the ReSe 2 were also detected at 125 and 160 cm −1 , respectively …”

Nature of Bimetallic Oxide Sb2MoO6/rGO Anode for High‐Performance Potassium‐Ion Batteries

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Because of the natural abundance of potassium, a similar redox potential of potassium to lithium, and the low cost, potassiumion batteries (KIBs) serve as a promising substitution to LIBs, [6][7][8][9][10][11] especially attractive in the largescale energy storage systems which strive intensively to lower the price to be competitive with other energy storage techniques. which are being explored vigorously but yield a relatively low specific capacity, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] metal oxides, such as iron oxides, [28] molybdenum oxides, [29,30] niobium pentoxides, [31] tin oxides, [32] and titanium oxides, [33] are interesting anode candidates considering their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacity, which are able to provide high performance anodes for KIBs. [12][13][14][15][16] Therefore, searching for the high performance KIBs anode (a critical component of KIBs) to alleviate the dramatic volume change is highly demanded to build high performance KIBs.…”

“…which are being explored vigorously but yield a relatively low specific capacity, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] metal oxides, such as iron oxides, [28] molybdenum oxides, [29,30] niobium pentoxides, [31] tin oxides, [32] and titanium oxides, [33] are interesting anode candidates considering their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacity, which are able to provide high performance anodes for KIBs. which are being explored vigorously but yield a relatively low specific capacity, [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] metal oxides, such as iron oxides, [28] molybdenum oxides, [29,30] niobium pentoxides, [31] tin oxides, [32] and titanium oxides, [33] are interesting anode candidates considering their high gravimetric and volumetric specific capacity, which are able to provide high performance anodes for KIBs.…”