“…Although the Macchiarini case has had high media visibility, this is not the only case of improper conduct that warrants a re-evaluation of the policies guiding acceptable conduct and publication. Other investigations, including the ongoing inquiry into the Anversa group [3], and the more recent dismissal of Japanese scientist, Yoshinori Watanabe from the University of Tokyo for research misconduct, raise serious ethical concerns about integrity in biomedical research [4,5].…”