The Effect of Fucoidan from the Brown Alga Fucus evanescence on the Activity of α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase of Human Colon Carcinoma Cells

Abstract

α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) (alpha-NaGalase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetamido-2-deoxy-α-d-galactoside residues from non-reducing ends of various complex carbohydrates and glycoconjugates. It is known that human cancer cells express an alpha-NaGalase, which accumulates in the blood plasma of patients. The enzyme deglycosylates the Gc protein-derived macrophage activating factor (GcMAF) and inhibits macrophage activity acting as an immunosuppressor. The high specific activity 0.033 ± 0.002 μmol mg−1 min−1 of the enzyme was found in human colon carcinoma cells DLD-1. The alpha-NaGalase of DLD-1 cells was isolated and biochemical characterized. The enzyme exhibits maximum activity at pH 5.2 and temperature 55 °C. The Km is 2.15 mM, Vmax–0.021 μmol min−1 mL−1, kcat–1.55 min−1 and kcat/Km–0.72 min−1 mM−1 at 37 °C, pH 5.2. The effects of fucoidan from the brown alga Fucus evanescence on the activity of alpha-NaGalase in human colon carcinoma DLD-1 cells and on the biosynthesis of this enzyme were investigated. It was shown that fucoidan did not inhibit free alpha-NaGalase, however, it reduced the expression of the enzyme in the DLD-1 cells at IC50 73 ± 4 μg mL−1.

Effects of Sponge-Derived Alkaloids on Activities of the Bacterial α-D-Galactosidase and Human Cancer Cell α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase

“…We observed a similar effect after treatmant with DLD-1 cells with sulfated polysaccharide fucoidan from brown alga Fucus evanescens [ 37 ]. Fucoidan significantly reduced the expression of the enzyme, but did not directly inhibit it.…”

“…We have previously shown that the DLD-1 adenocarcinoma cell line expresses α-NaGalase better than other cell lines, and this enzyme was well characterized [ 37 ]. Therefore, for research the effect of alkaloids on the enzyme expression, we used the cell line DLD-1.…”

“…Galacto-iteamine, unnatural analog of alkaloid iteamine (o-aminobenzyl β-D-glucopyranoside) isolated from Itea virginica L. inflorescence was the weak direct inhibitor of chicken liver α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase [ 35 ]. It was shown that the iminosugar DGJNAc can inhibit, stabilize, and chaperone human α-NAGAL both in vitro and in vivo [ 36 ], but fucoidan from Fucus evanescens did not inhibit free α-NaGalase, however, it reduced the expression of the enzyme in the DLD-1 cells [ 37 ]. The previously characterized low molecular inhibitors of the α-D-galactosidase from marine sources are polyhydroxynaphthoquinone pigments from sea urchins and their synthetic analogues [ 38 ], polybrominated diphenyl ether and dibenzo- p -dioxins from Dysidea sponges [ 39 ] and pentacyclic guanidine alkaloids from the sponge Monanchora pulchra [ 40 ].…”

Seaweeds: A Comprehensive Review of Pharmacological Interests

“…High intake of red and processed meat and alcohol increase the risk of colorectal cancer [214]. U. pinnatifida [159,188,[215][216][217][218][219][220][221], Saccharina latissimi [222], Fucus vesiculosus [117,160,223,224], Sargassum hemiphyllum [155,225,226] have proven efficacy in this situation. Also, Algae derived astaxanthin [150,[227][228][229][230][231][232], fucoxanthin [233][234][235][236][237], lutein and zeaxanthin [238][239][240][241], polyphenols [242][243][244][245][246] shown individual excellence.…”

Complementary and Alternative Treatments for Cancer Prevention and Cure [Part 1]

“…Also, Aggarwal et.al, 2013 listed phytochemicals like garcinol, gossypol, gossypin, guggulsterone, indole-3-carbinol, morin, naphthoquinone, nimbolide, noscapine, oleandrin, piperine, piceatannol, pinitol, plumbagin, pomegranate, retnoids, honokiol, sesamin, silymarin, simvastatin, terpenoid, thymoquinone, tocotrienol, triptolide, ursolic acid, withanolides, xanthohumol, and zerumbone [458] having potentials in CRC. Seaweeds like U. pinnatifida [175], [401], [521][522][523][524][525][526][527], Saccharina latissimi (9c) [528], Fucus vesiculosus [176], [295], [529,530], Sargassum hemiphyllum (figure 9d) [531][532][533] have proven efficacy in this situation. Also, Algae derived astaxanthin [534][535][536][537][538][539][540], fucoxanthin [541][542][543][544][545], lutein and zeaxanthin [546][547][548][549], polyphenols [550][551][552][553][554] shown individual excellence.…”