“…Dimerization of TLRs results from ligand binding, which triggers the recruitment of adaptor proteins to the intracellular TIR domain. Vertebrate TLRs are classified using sequence homology into six families, namely TLR1 (1, 2, 6, 10), TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR7 (7,8,9), and TLR11 (11,12,13). Cell surface TLRs include TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10, whereas intracellular TLRs include TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR11, TLR12, and TLR13 in endosomes and lysosomes.…”