Abstract:Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates plant stress responses and development. However, how the ABA signal is transmitted in response to stresses remains largely unclear, especially in monocots. In this study, we found that rice () OsPM1 (PLASMA MEMBRANE PROTEIN1), encoded by a gene of AWPM-19 like family, mediates ABA influx through the plasma membrane. is predominantly expressed in vascular tissues, guard cells, and mature embryos. Phenotypic analysis of overexpression, RNA interference (RNAi), and knockout (KO) line… Show more
“…ABAH can diffuse passively through the plasma membrane, and the diffusion of ABA largely declines with alkalization of the cytoplasm which increases during osmotic stresses (Wilkinson and Davies 1997; Karuppanapandian et al 2017). The active transport of ABA relies on: (i) ATP‐binding cassette (ABCG) transporters; (ii) NRT1/PTR (NPF); (iii) multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE)‐type/DTX transporters (DTX50); and (iv) AWPM‐19 family proteins (OsPM1), which were originally identified in rice (Kuromori et al 2010, 2011; Kanno et al 2012; Zhang et al 2014; Kang et al 2015; Yao et al 2018).…”
Section: Metabolic Control Of Aba Levelsmentioning
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
“…ABAH can diffuse passively through the plasma membrane, and the diffusion of ABA largely declines with alkalization of the cytoplasm which increases during osmotic stresses (Wilkinson and Davies 1997; Karuppanapandian et al 2017). The active transport of ABA relies on: (i) ATP‐binding cassette (ABCG) transporters; (ii) NRT1/PTR (NPF); (iii) multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE)‐type/DTX transporters (DTX50); and (iv) AWPM‐19 family proteins (OsPM1), which were originally identified in rice (Kuromori et al 2010, 2011; Kanno et al 2012; Zhang et al 2014; Kang et al 2015; Yao et al 2018).…”
Section: Metabolic Control Of Aba Levelsmentioning
Abscisic acid (ABA) is an important phytohormone regulating plant growth, development, and stress responses. It has an essential role in multiple physiological processes of plants, such as stomatal closure, cuticular wax accumulation, leaf senescence, bud dormancy, seed germination, osmotic regulation, and growth inhibition among many others. Abscisic acid controls downstream responses to abiotic and biotic environmental changes through both transcriptional and posttranscriptional mechanisms. During the past 20 years, ABA biosynthesis and many of its signaling pathways have been well characterized. Here we review the dynamics of ABA metabolic pools and signaling that affects many of its physiological functions.
“…The PM19L1 homolog was originally identified in wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) as AWPM-19 (ABA-induced Wheat Plasma Membrane Polypeptide-19), which responses to ABA-induced freezing tolerance (Koike et al, 1997). Recently a rice homolog OsPM1 is identified as associated with ABA induced drought tolerance and seed germination speed (Yao et al, 2018). With SeedTransNet, we could further validate its down-stream target AT2G05580.…”
25Seed maturation is an important plant developmental process that follows embryo development. It is 26 associated with a series of physiological changes such as the establishment of desiccation tolerance, 27 seed longevity and seed dormancy. However, the translational dynamics associated with seed 28 maturation, especially its connection with seed germination remains largely elusive. Here 29 transcriptome and translatome profiling were performed during seed maturation. During seed 30 maturation we observed a gradual disappearance of polysomes and a relative increase of monosomes, 31 indicating a gradual reduction of global translation. Comparing the levels of polysomal associated 32 mRNAs with total mRNA levels showed that thousands of genes are translationally regulated at early 33 sates of maturation, as judged by dramatic changes in polysomal occupancy. By including previous 34 published data from germination and seedling establishment, a translational regulatory network: 35SeedTransNet was constructed. Network analysis identified hundreds of gene modules with distinct 36 functions and transcript sequence features indicating the existence of separate translational regulatory 37 circuits possibly acting through specific regulatory elements. The regulatory potential of one such 38 element was confirmed in vivo. The network identified several seed maturation associated genes as 39 central nodes, and we could confirm the importance of many of these hub genes with a maturation 40 associated seed phenotype by mutant analysis. One of the identified regulators an AWPM19 family 41 protein PM19-Like1 (PM19L1) was shown to regulate seed dormancy and longevity. This putative 42 RBP also affects the transitional regulation of one its, by the SeedTransNet identified, target mRNAs. 43Our data shows the usefulness of SeedTransNet in identifying regulatory pathways during seed phase 44 transitions . 45 46
“…Mutants and RNAi lines showed less ABA in GCs upon ABA application and lost more water, which indicates a defect in closing stomata properly (Matsuda et al , ). Similarly, OsPM1 (PM protein 1) is induced by ABA treatment, mediates ABA influx to the GCs in rice and is expressed in GCs but also in vascular tissues and mature embryos (Yao et al , ). Overexpression lines conferred a slightly higher drought resilience likely due to faster ABA accumulation in GCs and thus faster stomatal closure (Yao et al , ).…”
Section: Better Faster More Efficient – How An Innovative Morphologmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Similarly, OsPM1 (PM protein 1) is induced by ABA treatment, mediates ABA influx to the GCs in rice and is expressed in GCs but also in vascular tissues and mature embryos (Yao et al , ). Overexpression lines conferred a slightly higher drought resilience likely due to faster ABA accumulation in GCs and thus faster stomatal closure (Yao et al , ). Likely, homologues of the Arabidopsis ABA receptors AtPYR1/PYL/RCAR (Ma et al , ; Park et al , ) perceive ABA in GCs and trigger signalling and stomatal closure in grasses.…”
Section: Better Faster More Efficient – How An Innovative Morphologmentioning
Summary
Stomata are cellular breathing pores on leaves that open and close to absorb photosynthetic carbon dioxide and to restrict water loss through transpiration, respectively. Grasses (Poaceae) form morphologically innovative stomata, which consist of two dumbbell‐shaped guard cells flanked by two lateral subsidiary cells (SCs). This ‘graminoid’ morphology is associated with faster stomatal movements leading to more water‐efficient gas exchange in changing environments. Here, we offer a genetic and mechanistic perspective on the unique graminoid form of grass stomata and the developmental innovations during stomatal cell lineage initiation, recruitment of SCs and stomatal morphogenesis. Furthermore, the functional consequences of the four‐celled, graminoid stomatal morphology are summarized. We compile the identified players relevant for stomatal opening and closing in grasses, and discuss possible mechanisms leading to cell‐type‐specific regulation of osmotic potential and turgor. In conclusion, we propose that the investigation of functionally superior grass stomata might reveal routes to improve water‐stress resilience of agriculturally relevant plants in a changing climate.
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