<scp>Q</scp>uantitative association between body mass index and the risk of cancer: <scp>A</scp> global Meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

Fang, Xuexian; Wei, Jiayu; He, Xuyan; Lian, Jia; Han, Dan; An, Peng; Zhou, Tian; Liu, Simin; Wang, Fudi; Min, Junxia

doi:10.1002/ijc.31553

Cited by 84 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…In Cox regression analysis of PCa cases (Figure 2) Hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) were calculated by Cox regression with attained age as time scale, stratified on cohort and birth decade (<1935, 1935-1939, 1940-1944, 1945-1949 Differential associations by tumour spread and aggressiveness as observed in the large study of Genkinger et al 7 and in other studies, [2][3][4][5][6] have been hypothesised to be influenced by various detection biases. [8][9][10] Hemodiluted PSA levels in obese men may result in fewer prostate biopsies, and an enlarged prostate gland in obese men might cause a cancer to remain undetected during biopsy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category

Jochems

Stattin

Häggström

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Obesity is a risk factor for advanced, but not localised, prostate cancer (PCa), and for poor prognosis. However, the detection of localised PCa through asymptomatic screening might influence these associations. We investigated height and body mass index (BMI) among 431 902 men in five Swedish cohorts in relation to PCa risk, according to cancer risk category and detection mode, and PCa-specific mortality using Cox regression. Statistical tests were two-sided. Height was positively associated with localised intermediate-risk PCa (HR per 5 cm, 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05), while overweight and obesity were negatively associated with localised low-and intermediate-risk PCa (HRs per 5 kg/m 2 , 0.86, 95% CI 0.81-0.90, and 0.92, 95% CI 0.88-0.97). However, these associations were partially driven by PCa's detected by asymptomatic screening and, for height, also by symptoms unrelated to PCa. The HR of localised PCa's, per 5 kg/m 2 , was 0.88, 95% CI 0.83 to 0.92 for screen-detected PCa's and 0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.01 for PCa's detected through lower urinary tract symptoms. BMI was positively associated with PCa-specific mortality in the full population and in case-only analysis of each PCa risk category (HRs per 5 kg/m 2 , 1.11-1.22, P for heterogeneity = .14). More active health-seeking behaviour among tall and normal-weight men may partially explain their higher risk of localised PCa. The higher PCa-specific mortality among obese men across all PCa risk categories in our study suggests obesity as a potential target to improve the prognosis of obese PCa patients. K E Y W O R D S body mass index, body size, height, observational research, prostate cancer 1 | INTRODUCTION Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancer forms, 1 but the association with prostate cancer (PCa) is complex. While high body mass index (BMI), a marker of general obesity, has been negatively

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category

Jochems

Stattin

Häggström

et al. 2020

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with reduced physical health, including a greater risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, stroke and some cancers (including endometrial, oesophageal and kidney cancer) 1–3. Consequently, individuals with overweight and obesity experience greater all-cause mortality and reduced health-related quality of life 4 5.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of adult weight management interventions on mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

et al. 2020

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IntroductionThe effects of interventions targeting weight loss on physical health are well described, yet the evidence for mental health is less clear. It is essential to better understand the impact of weight management interventions on mental health to optimise care and minimise risk of harm. We will assess the effect of behavioural weight management interventions on mental health in adults with overweight and obesity.Methods and analysisThe systematic review will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidance. We will include behavioural weight management interventions with a diet and/or physical activity component focusing on weight loss for adults with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster RCTs will be the only eligible study designs. Outcomes of interest will be related to mental health. The following databases were searched from inception to 07 May 2019: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane database (CENTRAL), PsycINFO, ASSIA, AMED and CINAHL. The search strategy was based on four concepts: (1) adults, defined as ≥18 years, with overweight/obesity, defined as BMI ≥25kg/m², (2) weight management interventions, (3) mental health outcomes and (4) study design. The search was restricted to English-language published papers, with no other restrictions applied. Two stage screening for eligibility will be completed by two independent reviewers, with two independent reviewers completing data extraction and risk of bias assessment. Data permitting, a random-effects meta-analysis of outcomes, subgroup analyses and meta-regression will be conducted. If not appropriate, narrative synthesis and ‘levels of evidence’ assessment will be completed.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required as primary data will not be collected. The completed systematic review will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed journal, at conferences and contribute towards the lead author’s PhD thesis.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019131659.

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“…There has been a shift in the prevalence of EAC in the USA correlating with an increase in obesity and sedentary lifestyle, with EAC increasing from 10% of cases in 1975 to 80% in 2014 [24]. Furthermore, multiple, large population-based (epidemiological studies) studies show a strong correlation between increased BMI and the risk of developing EAC [25, 27, 28]. EAC is prevalent in men, and potentially associated with masculine fat distribution (primarily abdominal) and sex hormones [9, 27].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene expression profiling of The Cancer Genome Atlas supports an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and major oesophageal tumour subtypes

Seim

Jeffery

Chopin

2018

Preprint

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In the last decade the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program has revealed significant insights into molecular events of dozens of cancers. These data sets are continuously updated, providing an unprecedented resource to the research community. There is now an emerging link between obesity and the development and progression of cancer. In this study we wished to identify genes related to body mass index (BMI) in TCGA datasets. Supporting epidemiological data, our gene expression profiling analyses suggest that oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) can be considered a true obesity-associated cancer subtype, presenting avenues for prevention and treatment.

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Quantitative association between body mass index and the risk of cancer: A global Meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies

Cited by 84 publications

References 63 publications

Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category

Height, body mass index and prostate cancer risk and mortality by way of detection and cancer risk category

Impact of adult weight management interventions on mental health: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Gene expression profiling of The Cancer Genome Atlas supports an inverse association between body mass index (BMI) and major oesophageal tumour subtypes

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