“…Scholars have employed various methods to measure the level of quality in these departments. Some of the methods used for this purpose are 6δ (Bonilla et al, 2008;Frankel et al, 2005;Rosier et al, 2020;Taner et al, 2012), Value Stream Mapping (VSM) (Camg€ oz-Akda g et al, 2018;Improta et al, 2018;Laberge et al, 2013;van der Sluijs et al, 2019;Swancutt et al, 2017;Towbin et al, 2017), Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) (Breckner et al, 2018;Gjolaj et al, 2016;Lipshutz et al, 2008;Newcombe and Fry-Bowers, 2018), and ISA (Aeyels et al, 2018;Lee, 2016;Shieh, 2010;Shieh et al, 2019;Wu and Hsieh, 2012). One of the major methods that have been repeatedly applied to assess the level of excellence in healthcare subdivisions is QFD (Abdelsamad et al, 2018;Gremyr and Raharjo, 2013;Joshi and Bhargava, 2019;Luschi et al, 2016;Rahimi et al, 2013).…”