A Gene Constellation in Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Viruses May Have Facilitated the Fifth Wave Outbreak in China

Zhu, Wenfei; Dong, Jie; Zhang, Ye; Yang, Lei; Li, Xiyan; Chen, Tao; Zhao, Xiang; Wei, Hejiang; Bo, Hong; Zeng, Xiaoxu; Huang, Weijuan; Li, Zi; Tang, Jing; Zhou, Jianfang; Gao, Rongbao; Li, Xin; Yang, Jing; Zou, Shumei; Chen, Wenbing; Liu, Jia; Shu, Yuelong; Wang, Dayan

doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.081

Cited by 35 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…LPAI H7N9 viruses have reemerged for nearly 5 years and been evolving and spreading more widely (Zhu et al 2018). In August, 2017, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has carried out an Influenza Risk Assessment Tool assessment of 12 zoonotic influenza A viruses.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses Emerged in China Raise Increased Threat to Public Health?

Zhu

Yang

Shu

2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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The low pathogenic avian influenza A(H7N9) viruses (LPAI) were first identified in 2013 and have continued to infect humans since then. It was reported in February 2017 that the LPAI H7N9 virus has evolved into highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, potentially increasing the risk for human and poultry. We in this study overviewed the emergence, epidemiology, and biological characterizations of the HPAI H7N9 viruses for the risk assessment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Did the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses Emerged in China Raise Increased Threat to Public Health?

Zhu

Yang

Shu

2019

Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases

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“…34 However, etiological surveillance has shown that the virus has presented continuous mutations since emerging in 2013 6 , suggesting that the largest outbreak of wave V may be due to a constellation of genes rather than a single mutation. 35 In addition, genetic drift evolution of avian influenza virus has been associated with vaccination pressure. 36,37 Circulation of new mutant stains may be raised in poultry when H7N9 vaccines started to be inoculated in poultry in China in June 2017.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hospital cluster combined with a family cluster of avian influenza H7N9 infection in Anhui Province, China

Zhang

Zhao

Jin

et al. 2019

Journal of Infection

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H7N9 Avian influenza virus Hospital clusterFamily cluster Human-to-human transmission Air transmission s u m m a r y Objectives: To identify human-to-human transmission of H7N9 avian influenza virus, we investigated a hospital cluster combined with family cluster in this study. Methods: We obtained and analyzed clinical, epidemiological and virological data from the three patients. RT-PCR, viral culture and sequencing were conducted for determination of causative pathogen. Results: The index case presented developed pneumonia with fever after exposure to chicken in a poultry farm. Case A presented pneumonia with high fever on day 3 after she shared a hospital room with the index case. Case B, the father of the index case, presented pneumonia with high fever on day 15 after he took care of the index case. H7N9 virus circulated in the local farm to which the index case was exposed. Full genomic sequence of virus showed 99.8-100% identity shared between the index case and case A or case B. Compared to the earliest virus of Anhui, a total of 29 amino acid variation sites were observed in the 8 segments.Conclusions: A hospital cluster combined with family cluster of H7N9 avian influenza infection was identified. Air transmission resulted in the hospital cluster possibly. A poultry farm was the initially infectious source of the cluster.

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“…Molecular dating suggested that the HPAI H7N9 virus may emerge in the middle of 2016 . Therefore, both LPAI and HPAI H7N9 viruses were epidemic in this wave, but the LPAI H7N9 viruses were responsible for the biggest wave of human infections …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Therefore, both LPAI and HPAI H7N9 viruses were epidemic in this wave, but the LPAI H7N9 viruses were responsible for the biggest wave of human infections. 1 In Fujian Province, all the isolates from human cases were LPAI H7N9 viruses before mid-2017, according to the available sequences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since 2013, the three original reassortment low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N9) viruses have emerged and caused five epidemic waves with over 1500 human cases in China. 1 In early 2017, human infections with a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N9) virus were reported in Taiwan and Guangdong Provinces of China. 2,3 Phylogenic analyses showed that the HPAI H7N9 virus originated from the LPAI H7N9 virus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of waterfowl‐originated gene cassettes in HPAI H7N9 viruses caused severe human infection in Fujian, China

Yang

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2019

Influenza Resp Viruses

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Background Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H7N9) virus emerged and caused human infections during the 2016‐2017 epidemic wave of influenza A(H7N9) viruses in China. We report a human infection with HPAI H7N9 virus and six environmental isolates in Fujian Province, China. Methods Environmental surveillance was conducted in live poultry markets and poultry farms in Fujian, China. Clinical and epidemiologic data and samples were collected. Real‐time RT‐PCRs were conducted for each sample, and H7‐positive samples were isolated using embryonated chicken eggs. Full genomes of the isolates were obtained by next‐generation sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis and antigenic analysis were conducted. Results A 59‐year‐old man who raised about 1000 ducks was identified as HPAI H7N9 infection. Six HPAI H7 viruses were isolated from environmental samples, including five H7N9 viruses and one H7N6 virus. Phylogenetic results showed the human and environmental viruses are highly genetically diverse and containing significantly different gene constellation from that of other HPAI H7N9 previously reported. The internal genes derived from H7N9/H9N2, H5N6, and the Eurasian wild‐bird gene pool, indicating waterfowl‐originated genotypes, have emerged in HPAI H7N9/N6 viruses and caused human infection. Conclusion The new genotypes raise the concern that these HPAI H7 viruses might transmit back into migratory birds and spread to other countries as the HPAI H5Nx viruses. Considering their capability of causing severe infections in both human and poultry, the HPAI H7 viruses in this study pose a risk to public health and the poultry industry and highlight the importance of sustained surveillance of these viruses.

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A Gene Constellation in Avian Influenza A (H7N9) Viruses May Have Facilitated the Fifth Wave Outbreak in China

Cited by 35 publications

References 39 publications

Did the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses Emerged in China Raise Increased Threat to Public Health?

Did the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H7N9) Viruses Emerged in China Raise Increased Threat to Public Health?

A hospital cluster combined with a family cluster of avian influenza H7N9 infection in Anhui Province, China

Emergence of waterfowl‐originated gene cassettes in HPAI H7N9 viruses caused severe human infection in Fujian, China

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