Genomic context of resistance genes within a French clinical MDR Proteus mirabilis: identification of the novel genomic resistance island GIPmi1

Abstract

The finding of the new genomic island GIPmi1 belonging to the same superfamily of genomic islands as SGI1/SGI2/PGI1/AGI1 and of the integrative conjugative element ICEPmiFra1 (SXT/R391 family) suggested that these genetic elements might be key mediators of resistance gene acquisition in P. mirabilis.

Genomic Analysis of SXT/R391 Integrative Conjugative Elements From Proteus mirabilis Isolated in Brazil

“…Nevertheless, the same element present in strains of avian origin was transferred at much higher rates, in the order of 10 −5 transconjugants/recipient (Aberkane et al, 2016). The conjugation frequency of other SXT/R391 ICEs vary widely (from 10 −4 to 10 −8 ), depending on the element and strain (Lei et al, 2016(Lei et al, , 2018Li et al, 2016;Bie et al, 2017;Siebor et al, 2018;Slattery et al, 2020). Therefore, our results are in agreement with the previously identified range of conjugation frequencies for these elements in P. mirabilis.…”

Antibiotic Resistance in Vibrio cholerae: Mechanistic Insights from IncC Plasmid-Mediated Dissemination of a Novel Family of Genomic Islands Inserted at trmE

“…In a few GIs, variable DNA is inserted between the convergent int and xis genes. MGI Vch Hai6 and GI Pmi 1 belong to group A. GI Pmi 1 of Proteus mirabilis resembles MGI Vch Hai6, and it contains a large multidrug resistance cluster inserted at the same position but lacks the mercury resistance transposon Tn 6310 ( 19 ). Most trmE -specific group A GIs encode predicted type I restriction-modification (R/M) systems.…”

Characterization of a Novel SXT/R391 Integrative and Conjugative Element Carrying cfr , bla CTX-M-65 , fosA3 , and aac(6′)-Ib-cr in Proteus mirabilis

“…It is notable that ICEPmiFra1, a recently reported ICE characterized in a French clinical P. mirabilis strain (16), also carries an ISPpu12-mediated composite transposon in HS4 containing tet(C), Tn4352 (aphA1a, kanamycin and neomycin resistance) and class 1 integron (dfrA32-ereA1-aadA2) that are also seen in ICEPmiChnBCP11. However, the left-hand ISPpu12 in ICEPmiFra1 has a 2-nucleotide (nt) deletion in tnpA leading to a shortened transposase (16), but in ICEPmiChnBCP11, it is an intact ISPpu12 element. The ISPpu12mediated composite transposon in ICEPmiChnBCP11 carries 10 copies of insertion sequence IS26, indicating that IS26 plays an important role in the accumulation of diverse antimicrobial resistance genes and the rearrangement of multidrug resistance regions (25).…”

“…MG773277) carries hph (hygromycin), aacC4 (apramycin, netilmicin and tobramycin), and gene cassettes dfrA32 (trimethoprim), ereA (erythromycin), and aadA2 (streptomycin and spectinomycin) of a class 1 integron, which shows 99.9% nucleotide identity to the corresponding region of ICEPmiChn3 with the lack of a 311-bp region between IS26 and intI1 (15). It is notable that ICEPmiFra1, a recently reported ICE characterized in a French clinical P. mirabilis strain (16), also carries an ISPpu12-mediated composite transposon in HS4 containing tet(C), Tn4352 (aphA1a, kanamycin and neomycin resistance) and class 1 integron (dfrA32-ereA1-aadA2) that are also seen in ICEPmiChnBCP11. However, the left-hand ISPpu12 in ICEPmiFra1 has a 2-nucleotide (nt) deletion in tnpA leading to a shortened transposase (16), but in ICEPmiChnBCP11, it is an intact ISPpu12 element.…”