Author Correction: Localization and function of neurosecretory protein GM, a novel small secretory protein, in the chicken hypothalamus

Shikano, Kenshiro; Bessho, Yuki; Kato, Masaki; Ukena, Kazuyoshi; Taniuchi, Shusuke; Furumitsu, Megumi; Tachibana, Tetsuya; Bentley, G.; Kriegsfeld, Lance J.; Ukena, Kazuyoshi

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24103-w

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“…Sequence similarity between mature NPGM and NPGL is 54% in chickens ( Shikano et al, 2018c ). Our previous studies showed that NPGL-immunoreactive cells were localized in the IN and MM of the hypothalamus, and parts of NPGL-immunoreactive cells were identical to NPGM-immunoreactive cells in the MM in 1- and 15-day-old chicks and the IN in 15-day-old chicks ( Shikano et al, 2018a ). The expression levels of NPGL mRNA gradually increased during post-hatching development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The expression levels of NPGL mRNA gradually increased during post-hatching development. In contrast, the expression level of NPGM mRNA gradually decreased after hatching, suggesting that NPGM and NPGL have different timings of action during the growth process ( Shikano et al, 2018a ). Functional analysis of NPGL has already been demonstrated in rats, mice, and chicks ( Iwakoshi-Ukena et al, 2017 ; Matsuura et al, 2017 ; Shikano et al, 2018b , 2019 , 2020 ; Fukumura et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These nuclei are known to be feeding and metabolic centers in chicks. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of NPGM mRNA gradually decreased during post-hatching development ( Shikano et al, 2018a ). These results suggest that NPGM is a novel hypothalamic factor involved in energy metabolism immediately after hatching in chicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Recently, we discovered a novel cDNA encoding the precursor of a small secretory protein in the chick hypothalamus ( Ukena et al, 2014 ; Shikano et al, 2018a ). We named the small protein of 83-amino acid residues as neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM) ( Ukena et al, 2014 ; Shikano et al, 2018a ). The NPGM gene is highly conserved in vertebrates, including chickens, rats, and humans ( Ukena et al, 2014 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous studies identified the localization of NPGM in the chick brain by in situ hybridization and immunostaining. NPGM-producing cells are localized in the infundibular nucleus (IN) and the medial mammillary nucleus (MM) of the hypothalamus in chicks ( Shikano et al, 2018a ). These nuclei are known to be feeding and metabolic centers in chicks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Hypothalamic Factor, Neurosecretory Protein GM, Causes Fat Deposition in Chicks

et al. 2021

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We recently discovered a novel cDNA encoding the precursor of a small secretory protein, neurosecretory protein GM (NPGM), in the mediobasal hypothalamus of chickens. Although our previous study showed that subcutaneous infusion of NPGM for 6 days increased body mass in chicks, the chronic effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of NPGM remains unknown. In this study, we performed i.c.v. administration of NPGM in eight-day-old layer chicks using osmotic pumps for 2 weeks. In the results, chronic i.c.v. infusion of NPGM significantly increased body mass, water intake, and the mass of abdominal and gizzard fat in chicks, whereas NPGM did not affect food intake, liver and muscle masses, or blood glucose concentration. Morphological analyses using Oil Red O and hematoxylin-eosin stainings revealed that fat accumulation occurred in both the liver and gizzard fat after NPGM infusion. The real-time PCR analysis showed that NPGM decreased the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α, a lipolytic factor in the liver. These results indicate that NPGM may participate in fat storage in chicks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%