Crosslinked Polymer Ionic Liquid/Ionic Liquid Blends Prepared by Photopolymerization as Solid-State Electrolytes in Supercapacitors

Abstract

A photopolymerization method is used to prepare a mixture of polymer ionic liquid (PIL) and ionic liquid (IL). This mixture is used as a solid-state electrolyte in carbon nanoparticle (CNP)-based symmetric supercapacitors. The solid electrolyte is a binary mixture of a PIL and its corresponding IL. The PIL matrix is a cross-linked polyelectrolyte with an imidazole salt cation coupled with two anions of Br− in PIL-M-(Br) and TFSI− in PIL-M-(TFSI), respectively. The corresponding ionic liquids have imidazolium salt cation coupled with two anions of Br− and TFSI−, respectively. This study investigates the electrochemical characteristics of PILs and their corresponding IL mixtures used as a solid electrolyte in supercapacitors. Results show that a specific capacitance, maximum power density and energy density of 87 and 58 F·g−1, 40 and 48 kW·kg−1, and 107 and 59.9 Wh·kg−1 were achieved in supercapacitors based on (PIL-M-(Br)) and (PIL-M-(TFSI)) solid electrolytes, respectively.

A Novel Approach to Enhance Mechanical and Thermal Properties of SLA 3D Printed Structure by Incorporation of Metal–Metal Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The SLA technique transforms a multifunctional urethane or acrylic-based monomers and oligomers into an interconnected polymer through propagation reaction, which was initiated by free radicals or cations formed by light illumination [19][20][21]. Most monomers and oligomers are not able to generate initiating free radicals upon light exposure, and it was crucial to run by with some initiators that will assist in initiate polymerization, through a photochemical reaction [22,23].…”

In Situ Preparation of Crosslinked Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Comparison of Monomer Systems

“…One of the most often used basic structures (although many other have been reported [ 31 , 32 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]) is the imidazolium ring with the TFSI counter ion, resulting in cationic-type polymers. In these polymers, the basic cationic units can be positioned in the polymer backbone [ 53 ], as side chains either in linear [ 36 , 37 ] or in crosslinked polymers [ 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], together with anions in the side chain (zwitterionic type), in alternating copolymers or blockwise [ 21 , 32 , 46 , 58 ] accompanied by anionic side chains [ 31 , 54 ], and in the arms of star-shaped polymers. TFSI, as a counterion for cationic sites, is particularly preferred owing to the high van der Waals volume and week binding affinity to Li + cations [ 36 , 46 ].…”

Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Stereolithography 3D Printed Structures by the Effects of Incorporated Controllably Annealed Anatase TiO2 Nanoparticles

“…The working principle of SLA techniques has made it more conceivable to decrease the cost of the manufacturing processes with high-quality products [13]. Therefore, photopolymerization has gained outstanding attraction from researchers for its numerous engineering applications such as coatings, printing technologies, dental fillings, and the building of 3D structures [14][15][16]. The SLA process consists of the transformation of multifunctional urethanes or acrylic-based monomers and oligomers into an interconnected polymer by a propagation reaction initiated by free radicals or cations formed by the light source [17].…”