Soybean-derived recombinant human epidermal growth factor protects against experimental necrotizing enterocolitis

Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies

“…In addition, ileal mRNA and protein levels of occludin and claudin-3 and jejunum mRNA and protein levels of claudin-3 were reduced by EGF treatment to dam fed control levels and occludin and claudin-3 in the ileum were redistributed towards the apical and basolateral membranes along the crypt-villus axis contributing to a functional TJ barrier [137]. JAM-A and ZO-1 were more markedly/sharply expressed on immunofluorescence pictures following oral recombinant EGF from soybean administration, probably indicating better incorporation in TJ complexes of these proteins [104]. Enteral EGF treatment of NEC protocol exposed mice also significantly increased the number of goblet cells (Muc2) in the ileum and thickened the villus mucus layer compared to both NEC protocol exposed and control mice [137].…”

“…Fish oil (rich in n-3 PUFA) [82,83] MPL [84] MFGM [48] Very low fat diet [85] Reduced long chain triacylglycerol diet (considered pre-digested) [85] Pomegranate seed oil [47] Carbohydrate/sugar-based interventions HMO [38,42,49,[86][87][88][89][90] Neutral HMO (no sialic acids) [42] −2 HMO (two sialic acids) [42] DSLNT (HMO) [42] DSLNnT (synthetic disialyl glycan) [89,90] DS'LNnT (synthetic disialyl glycan) [89,90] 2 -FL [87,91,92] 6 -SL [92] 2 -FL and 6 -SL [42,92] Sialylated HMO [93] Sialylated GOS [87] GD3 [50] Hyaluronan 35 kD [94] Protein/amino acid-based interventions L-Glutamine/glutamine [84,[95][96][97] Arginine [98,99] L-Carnitine [99] N-Acetylcysteine [85] Lactadherin [51] OPN [100] Lactoferrin [101] IAP [102,103] [104] HB-EGF [41,[58]…”

“…Pomegranate seed oil [47] DHA [131] DHA or EPA maternal intervention during pregnancy [43] Carbohydrate/sugar-based interventions GOS/FOS [135] GOS [42] IFOS [49] Hormone/growth factor/vitamin-based interventions EGF [104,137] Probiotic interventions…”

“…In a NEC rat model, enteral administration of EGR decreased intestinal mRNA expression of interleukin 18 (IL18), while increasing mRNA expression of IL10 and the IL10 transcription factor specificity protein 1 (Sp1) [53]. Recombinant EGF from soybean extract reduced intestinal mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) upon orogastric administration in a rat NEC model [104]. Gastric gavage of HB-EGF in a murine NEC model reduced the number of pro-inflammatory M1 and increased the number of immune modulatory M2 macrophages in the intestine [57].…”

“…Soybean-derived recombinant human EGF reduced ileal iNOS mRNA levels upon enteral supplementation in a rat NEC model [104]. An elegant study by Yu et al in a rat NEC model observed that enteral HB-EGF administration preserved villus microvascular blood flow, prevented NEC induced changes in intestinal villus microvascular structure and significantly increased submucosal intestinal blood flow [106].…”