Driving towards ecotechnologies

Najjar, Devora; Normandin, Avery M; Strait, Elizabeth A.; Esvelt, Kevin M.

doi:10.1080/20477724.2018.1452844

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Sickle Cell Anemia, thalassemia, malaria [33-35, 16, 15] Interestingly, malaria, a disease that predominantly affects sub--saharan Africa is one of the top diseases for CRISPR research although researchers from the region are heavily underrepresented in the field. While Africa is underrepresented in several areas of research besides genome editing, underrepresentation in genome editing is crucial as the technology has a great potential in malaria eradication but also poses broader ethical issues [36,37]. An understanding of species that are research targets of genome editing technologies could help identify neglected species by the emerging technology.…”

Section: Genes Diseases and Species Targeted By Genome Editing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a significant number of genome editing publications are in subscription journals and may be inaccessible to researchers in poorer regions of the world making it harder for them to compete in the field. Proactive engagement of researchers in areas where field applications such as mosquito gene drives will be deployed occur using genome editing technologies will be crucial [36]. One such partnership is the Target Malaria consortium that brings together various stakeholders including researchers and risk--assessment specialists from Europe and Africa [40].…”

Section: Genes Diseases and Species Targeted By Genome Editing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Global State of Genome Editing

2018

Preprint

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Genome editing technologies hold great promise in fundamental biomedical research, development of treatments for animal and plant diseases, and engineering biological organisms for food and industrial applications. Therefore, a global understanding of the growth of the field is needed to identify challenges, opportunities and biases that could shape the impact of the technology. To address this, this work applies automated literature mining of scientific publications on genome editing in the past year to infer research trends in 2 key genome editing technologies-CRISPR/Cas systems and TALENs. The study finds that genome editing research is disproportionately distributed between and within countries, with researchers in the US and China accounting for 50% of authors in the field whereas countries across Africa are underrepresented. Furthermore, genome editing research is also disproportionately being explored on diseases such as cancer, Duchene Muscular Dystrophy, sickle cell disease and malaria. Gender biases are also evident in genome editing research with considerably fewer women as principal investigators. The results of this study suggest that automated mining of scientific literature could help identify biases in genome editing research as a means to mitigate future inequalities and tap the full potential of the technology.

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Section: Genes Diseases and Species Targeted By Genome Editing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Genes Diseases and Species Targeted By Genome Editing Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Global State of Genome Editing

2018

Preprint

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“…The present study represents the third leg of this project, namely the microbial portion of the total animal "genome" for this species. Given the development of bait-delivered oral vaccines targeting P. leucopus [19] and plans to genetically modify and release this species [20,21], pushing ahead on these interventional fronts without better understanding Peromyscus microbiota, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract's in particular, seemed shortsighted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacilli and other gastrointestinal microbiota of Peromyscus leucopus, reservoir host for agents of Lyme disease and other zoonoses in North America

et al. 2020

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The cricetine rodent Peromyscus leucopus is an important reservoir for several human zoonoses, including Lyme disease, in North America. Akin to hamsters, the white-footed deermouse has been unevenly characterized in comparison to the murid Mus musculus. To further understanding of P. leucopus' total genomic content, we investigated gut microbiomes of an outbred colony of P. leucopus, inbred M. musculus, and a natural population of P. leucopus. Metagenome and whole genome sequencing were combined with microbiology and microscopy approaches. A focus was the genus Lactobacillus, four diverse species of which were isolated from forestomach and feces of colony P. leucopus. Three of the species-L. animalis, L. reuteri, and provisionally-named species "L. peromysci"-were identified in fecal metagenomes of wild P. leucopus but not discernibly in samples from M. musculus. L. johnsonii, the fourth species, was common in M. musculus but absent or sparse in wild P. leucopus. Also identified in both colony and natural populations were a Helicobacter sp. in feces but not stomach, and a Tritrichomonas sp. protozoan in cecum or feces. The gut metagenomes of colony P. leucopus were similar to those of colony M. musculus at the family or higher level and for major subsystems. But there were multiple differences between species and sexes within each species in their gut metagenomes at orthologous gene level. These findings provide a foundation for hypothesis-testing of functions of individual microbial species and for interventions, such as bait vaccines based on an autochthonous bacterium and targeting P. leucopus for transmission-blocking.

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“…While ongoing technical challenges remain in the design, optimization, and field testing of gene drive-harboring organisms, there are also serious biosafety and ethical concerns regarding use of this biotechnology as even current drive systems are expected to be highly invasive within native populations 23 . There is an immediate need for further study ( in silico and in vivo ) of gene drive systems that focus on issues of safety 15 , 24 , 25 , control and reversal 26 , 27 , and optimal design 11 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a multi-locus CRISPR gene drive system in budding yeast

Yan

Finnigan

2018

Sci Rep

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The discovery of CRISPR/Cas gene editing has allowed for major advances in many biomedical disciplines and basic research. One arrangement of this biotechnology, a nuclease-based gene drive, can rapidly deliver a genetic element through a given population and studies in fungi and metazoans have demonstrated the success of such a system. This methodology has the potential to control biological populations and contribute to eradication of insect-borne diseases, agricultural pests, and invasive species. However, there remain challenges in the design, optimization, and implementation of gene drives including concerns regarding biosafety, containment, and control/inhibition. Given the numerous gene drive arrangements possible, there is a growing need for more advanced designs. In this study, we use budding yeast to develop an artificial multi-locus gene drive system. Our minimal setup requires only a single copy of S. pyogenes Cas9 and three guide RNAs to propagate three gene drives. We demonstrate how this system could be used for targeted allele replacement of native genes and to suppress NHEJ repair systems by modifying DNA Ligase IV. A multi-locus gene drive configuration provides an expanded suite of options for complex attributes including pathway redundancy, combatting evolved resistance, and safeguards for control, inhibition, or reversal of drive action.

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Driving towards ecotechnologies

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

The Global State of Genome Editing

The Global State of Genome Editing

Lactobacilli and other gastrointestinal microbiota of Peromyscus leucopus, reservoir host for agents of Lyme disease and other zoonoses in North America

Development of a multi-locus CRISPR gene drive system in budding yeast

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