Liu et al. reply

Liu, Yizhi; Granet, David B.; Lin, Haotian; Baxter, Sally L.; Ouyang, Hong; Huang, Shan; Liu, Zhenzhen; Wu, Xiaokang; Yan, Fangbing; Liu, Xialin; Luo, Lixia; Heichel, Christopher W.D.; Zhang, Meixia; Cai, Wenjia; Maas, Richard L.; Zhang, Kang

doi:10.1038/nature26150

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Schwenn et al 2005;Shen et al 2014)fast CMEs can have transit times to 1 AU of less than a day (e.g. Liu et al 2014). Using numerical models, such as Enlil (Odstrčil 2003), to propagate CMEs that have been characterized us-cult to describe all CMEs by a single propagation model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ElEvoHI: A NOVEL CME PREDICTION TOOL FOR HELIOSPHERIC IMAGING COMBINING AN ELLIPTICAL FRONT WITH DRAG-BASED MODEL FITTING

Rollett

Möstl

Isavnin

et al. 2016

ApJ

182

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In this study, we present a new method for forecasting arrival times and speeds of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at any location in the inner heliosphere. This new approach enables the adoption of a highly flexible geometrical shape for the CME front with an adjustable CME angular width and an adjustable radius of curvature of its leading edge, i.e. the assumed geometry is elliptical. Using, as input, STEREO heliospheric imager (HI) observations, a new elliptic conversion (ElCon) method is introduced and combined with the use of drag-based model (DBM) fitting to quantify the deceleration or acceleration experienced by CMEs during propagation. The result is then used as input for the Ellipse Evolution Model (ElEvo). Together, ElCon, DBM fitting, and ElEvo form the novel ElEvoHI forecasting utility. To demonstrate the applicability of ElEvoHI, we forecast the arrival times and speeds of 21 CMEs remotely observed from STEREO/HI and compare them to in situ arrival times and speeds at 1 AU. Compared to the commonly used STEREO/HI fitting techniques (Fixed-φ, Harmonic Mean, and Self-similar Expansion fitting), ElEvoHI improves the arrival time forecast by about 2 hours to ±6.5 hours and the arrival speed forecast by ≈ 250 km s −1 to ±53 km s −1 , depending on the ellipse aspect ratio assumed. In particular, the remarkable improvement of the arrival speed prediction is potentially beneficial for predicting geomagnetic storm strength at Earth. ing coronagraph observations, leads to errors in CME arrival time predictions at Earth that lie in the range of ±12 to ±18 hrs (e.g. Mays et al. 2015; Vršnak et al. 2014). Note that for a selected sample of CMEs Millward et al. (2013) obtained errors of ±7.5 hrs. The reasons for these large forecasting errors are diverse. Firstly, the observations are limited. Currently, only the LASCO C2 and C3 coronagraphs (Brueckner et al. 1995) onboard the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the COR1 and COR2 coronagraphs onboard the Ahead spacecraft of the twin satellite mission Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO; Kaiser et al. 2008) can be used to operationally forecast the arrival times of Earth-directed CMEs. Secondly, the structures, shapes, orientations, sizes, directions and speeds of CMEs are highly variable, i.e. it is quite diffi-arXiv:1605.00510v2 [astro-ph.SR]

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ElEvoHI: A NOVEL CME PREDICTION TOOL FOR HELIOSPHERIC IMAGING COMBINING AN ELLIPTICAL FRONT WITH DRAG-BASED MODEL FITTING

Rollett

Möstl

Isavnin

et al. 2016

ApJ

182

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“…Most strategies proposed seek to reduce the level of complexity by reducing the number of lasing modes. For broad-area semiconductor lasers, this can be achieved by external control, e.g., through injection of a coherent signal [15,16] or delayed optical feedback [17][18][19], or schemes based on Parity-Time symmetry [20,21]. Successful with moderate powers, these approaches quickly become less effective when increasing the cavity size in order to harness more power.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppressing spatiotemporal lasing instabilities with wave-chaotic microcavities

Bittner

Guazzotti

Zeng

et al. 2018

Science

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Spatiotemporal instabilities are widespread phenomena resulting from complexity and nonlinearity. In broad-area edge-emitting semiconductor lasers, the nonlinear interactions of multiple spatial modes with the active medium can result in filamentation and spatiotemporal chaos. These instabilities degrade the laser performance and are extremely challenging to control. We demonstrate a powerful approach to suppress spatiotemporal instabilities using wave-chaotic or disordered cavities. The interference of many propagating waves with random phases in such cavities disrupts the formation of self-organized structures such as filaments, resulting in stable lasing dynamics. Our method provides a general and robust scheme to prevent the formation and growth of nonlinear instabilities for a large variety of high-power lasers.

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“…While the regenerated lenses had imperfections, the visual axis was mostly clear with corresponding visual acuity improvement. This ground-breaking pediatric cataract surgery is still in early stages of evaluation and requires additional study to address possible complications such as cataract reoccurrence due to underlying genetic defects and the risk of developing amblyopia, impaired vision due to inappropriate visual stimulation during the months required for lens regeneration (Liu et al, 2018; Solebo et al, 2018; Vavvas et al, 2018).…”

Section: Lens Regeneration Using Endogenous Stem Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regenerating Eye Tissues to Preserve and Restore Vision

et al. 2018

Self Cite

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Ocular regenerative therapies are on track to revolutionize treatment of numerous blinding disorders, including corneal disease, cataract, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration. A variety of transplantable products, delivered as cell suspensions or as preformed 3D structures combining cells and natural or artificial substrates, are in the pipeline. Here we review the status of clinical and preclinical studies for stem cell-based repair, covering key eye tissues from front to back, from cornea to retina, and including bioengineering approaches that advance cell product manufacturing. While recognizing the challenges, we look forward to a deep portfolio of sight-restoring, stem cell-based medicine. VIDEO ABSTRACT.

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Liu et al. reply

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

ElEvoHI: A NOVEL CME PREDICTION TOOL FOR HELIOSPHERIC IMAGING COMBINING AN ELLIPTICAL FRONT WITH DRAG-BASED MODEL FITTING

ElEvoHI: A NOVEL CME PREDICTION TOOL FOR HELIOSPHERIC IMAGING COMBINING AN ELLIPTICAL FRONT WITH DRAG-BASED MODEL FITTING

Suppressing spatiotemporal lasing instabilities with wave-chaotic microcavities

Regenerating Eye Tissues to Preserve and Restore Vision

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