Red Yeast Rice (RYR) supplementation in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics

Bruno, Antonio; Pandolfo, Gianluca; Crucitti, Manuela; Troili, Giulia Maria; Spina, Edoardo; Zoccali, Rocco Antonio; Muscatello, Maria Rosaria Anna

doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2018.03.007

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In this regard, the hypolipidemic potential of RYR has been consistently proved with reliable experimental results (Gerards et al, 2015). In dyslipidemia patients, RYR, which was administered as a dietary supplement (4–48 mg/kg), significantly decreased TG, total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and increased the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level (Heber et al, 1999; Becker et al, 2009; Bruno et al, 2018). However, further studies that follow patients for longer periods of time are needed to investigate the effects RYR on the risk factors and treatment of various chronic diseases.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine

Zhu

Fang-yuan

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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Red yeast rice (RYR), a Chinese traditional folk medicine produced by the fermentation of cooked rice kernels with a Monascaceae mold, Monascus purpureus, has long been used to treat blood circulation stasis, indigestion, diarrhea, and limb weakness in East Asian countries. This article provides a systematic review of the traditional uses, chemistry, biological activities, and toxicology of RYR to highlight its future prospects in the field of medicine. The literature reviewed for this article was obtained from the Web of Science, Elsevier, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, as well as Ph.D. and M.Sc. dissertations, published prior to July 2019. More than 101 chemical constituents have been isolated from RYR, mainly consisting of monacolins, pigments, organic acids, sterols, decalin derivatives, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and other compounds. Crude extracts of RYR, as well as its isolated compounds, possess broad pharmacological properties with hypolipidemic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-cancer, neurocytoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-fatigue, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive activities. However, further studies are needed to characterize its diverse chemical constituents and the toxicological actions of the main bioactive compounds. New pharmacological trials addressing the overlooked traditional uses of RYR, such as in the treatment of indigestion and diarrhea, are required.

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Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine

Zhu

Fang-yuan

et al. 2019

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…FRMR is the RMR with a natural MK of more than 0.4% according to the Light Industry Standard of the People's Republic of China (QB/T 2847(QB/T -2007. MK is chemically identical to lovastatin, which is a lipid-lowering drug and shows evident effects on inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase that catalyzes the rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis (De Backer, 2017;Bruno et al, 2018). Therefore, FRMR is a commonly consumed food supplement by hypercholesterolemia patients, especially for statin-intolerant community (Mazzanti et al, 2017;Xiong et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Functional Red Mold Rice: Functional Ingredients, Production, and Application

Feng

2020

Front. Microbiol.

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Monacolin K (MK) is a secondary metabolite of the Monascus species that can inhibit cholesterol synthesis. Functional red mold rice (FRMR) is the fermentation product of Monascus spp., which is rich in MK. FRMR is usually employed to regulate serum cholesterol, especially for hypercholesterolemic patients who refuse statins or face statin intolerance. The present perspective summarized the bioactive components of FRMR and their functions. Subsequently, efficient strategies for FRMR production, future challenges of FRMR application, and possible directions were proposed. This perspective helps to understand the present situation and developmental prospects of FRMR.

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“…Monascus , a filamentous fungus, can produce many bioactive substances that can reduce blood lipoprotein, blood pressure, and blood sugar, exert antitumor effects, and improve immunity . The product of rice fermentation by Monascus is called red yeast rice, which is a traditional fermented product used in China .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monascus, a filamentous fungus, can produce many bioactive substances 1-3 that can reduce blood lipoprotein, blood pressure, and blood sugar, exert antitumor effects, and improve immunity. [3][4][5][6][7][8] The product of rice fermentation by Monascus is called red yeast rice, [9][10][11][12][13] which is a traditional fermented product used in China. 13 The red yeast rice is considered to have dual functions of food and medicine; 13 it not only symbolizes the precious scientific and cultural heritage of China but is also of great significance in the history of microorganisms around the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soybean isoflavones reduce citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 in liquid state fermentation using different media

et al. 2019

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BACKGROUND Monascus, a filamentous fungus, produces many bioactive substances. However, in the process of fermentation, Monascus also produces the mycotoxin citrinin. Owing to the presence of citrinin, the safety of Monascus products has been questioned and their wide application limited. Using soybean isoflavones (SI) as exogenous additives, alterations in citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 (MALA) in different media used for liquid state fermentation were investigated. RESULTS Results showed that the citrinin concentration was 95.98% lower than that of the control group after 16‐days fermentation when 20.0 g L−1 SI were added to rice powder and inorganic salt medium. Citrinin production was reduced by 97.24% after 12‐days fermentation with 10.0 g L−1 SI in starch inorganic salt medium; 82.52% after 20‐days fermentation with 20.0 g L−1 SI in starch peptone medium with high starch content; 45.07% after 14‐days fermentation with 5.0 g L−1 SI in starch peptone medium with low starch content; and 82.21% after 14‐days fermentation with 20.0 g L−1 SI in yeast extract sucrose medium. CONCLUSION The developed method of removing citrinin is simple, safe, and effective, and it can be applied to reduce the citrinin content of Monascus products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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Red Yeast Rice (RYR) supplementation in patients treated with second-generation antipsychotics

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine

Red Yeast Rice: A Systematic Review of the Traditional Uses, Chemistry, Pharmacology, and Quality Control of an Important Chinese Folk Medicine

Perspectives on Functional Red Mold Rice: Functional Ingredients, Production, and Application

Soybean isoflavones reduce citrinin production by Monascus aurantiacus Li AS3.4384 in liquid state fermentation using different media

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