The Effects of High-Protein and High-Monounsaturated Fat Meals on Postprandial Lipids, Lipoprotein Particle Numbers, Cytokines, and Leptin Responses in Overweight/Obese Subjects

Abstract

OW/O subjects had lower TG and VLDLP, but less favorable SD-LDL III, SD-HDLP, and LB-HDL2b/T-HDLP ratio responses to the HP versus HMF meals.

Two-Hour Postprandial Lipoprotein Particle Concentration Differs Between Lean and Obese Individuals

“…The study design, subjects’ characteristics, and composition of test meals used in these studies are different compared to our study. However, in agreement with Shah et al (2018), we did not observe any differential postprandial response for HDL particle concentration between obese-IR and lean-IS subjects. In addition, in our study as well as theirs, intake of a HP meal was associated with an increase in small HDL particle concentration and intake of a HF meal was associated with decreased small HDL particle concentration.…”

“…With regard to the postprandial changes in HDL particle concentration, limited evidence indicates a minimal (Wojczynski et al, 2011) to detrimental (De Bruin et al, 1991) effect of a HF meal on postprandial HDL particle concentration. To our understanding, Shah et al (2017, 2018) are the only group who has compared the effects of HP and high-monounsaturated fat (HMF) meals on postprandial HDL concentration and particle number in lean (Shah et al, 2017) and overweight/obese (Shah et al, 2018) subjects, albeit in separate studies. In both lean and overweight/obese subjects, they showed that the HP meal compared to the HMF meal increased small-dense HDL particles.…”

“…Most studies evaluating the association between lipoprotein subfraction and risk of CVD have been conducted in the fasting state (Garvey et al, 2003; Otvos et al, 2006; El Harchaoui et al, 2007). Previous studies have demonstrated that lipoprotein particle concentrations change after a meal (Wojczynski et al, 2011; Shah et al, 2017; Shah et al, 2018). Therefore, as people in industrialized societies spend a higher proportion of time in the postprandial state, postprandial lipoprotein particle concentrations might be a more relevant predictor of cardiovascular risk.…”

“…S. Department of Health and Human Services and U. S. Department of Agriculture, 2015), and assessment was between 6 and 8-h post-meal intake to elucidate peak levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The effect of a high-protein (HP) meal in a shorter timeframe of 3-h has been evaluated only by Shah et al (2017, 2018) in lean and obese/overweight subjects. In clinical practice, there is a demand for reliable and practical assessment tools to investigate postprandial lipoproteinemia as a risk marker for CVD (Sciarrillo et al, 2019).…”

The Effect of Dietary Interventions on Hypertriglyceridemia: From Public Health to Molecular Nutrition Evidence

“…Changes in lifestyle could be determinants for HTG management and treatment; one key factor is that dietary habits directed toward adherence to a healthy diet are beneficial in reducing cardiovascular risk [ 16 ]. In addition, the composition of the diet, total calories ingested, macronutrients, food quality, and adherence to dietary patterns may have an impact on lipid profile [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. Several studies examined the relationship between diet and TG levels.…”