“…Further, ADAR1 and especially its isoform ADAR1p150 is a type I interferon-inducible gene [ 28 ]. Accordingly, ADAR1 expression was found to be increased in type I interferon-associated autoimmune diseases [ [34] , [35] , [36] , [37] , [38] , [39] ], but also in other inflammatory diseases including acute myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis, cancer and viral infections [ 14 , 40 , 41 ]. More importantly, ADAR1 expression and activity are increased after stimulation with TNFα [ 14 ], the major cytokine that regulates the dynamics of transcriptome in RA [ 42 ], due to a significant increase in levels of ADAR1p150 isoform [ 14 ].…”