Selective Targeting of Mobile mRNAs to Plasmodesmata for Cell-to-Cell Movement

Luo, Kai‐Ren; Huang, Nien‐Chen; Yu, Tien‐Shin

doi:10.1104/pp.18.00107

Cited by 55 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Fluorescence-based mRNA-labeling systems combined with high-resolution confocal microscopy allows for visualizing the real-time trafficking of target mRNAs in live cells. Methods such as the GFP-MS2 RNA-tracking system (Hamada et al, 2003a;Luo et al, 2018) and its alternative approaches, including the boxB RNA stem-loop (Urbinati and Long, 2011), bacteriophage PP7 aptamer tagging (Wu et al, 2012), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea) tracking systems (Paige et al, 2011;Bann and Parent, 2012;Dean and Palmer, 2014;Tian and Okita, 2014), in combination with fluorescence resonance energy transfer and split-fluorescence protein systems (Ibragimov et al, 2014;Rath and Rentmeister, 2015;Mannack et al, 2016), can be utilized to simultaneously monitor the movement of different species of mRNAs along the cytoskeleton (Fig. 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA Localization in Plant Cells

et al. 2019

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Localization of mRNAs at the subcellular level is an essential mechanism for specific protein targeting and local control of protein synthesis in both eukaryotes and bacteria. While mRNA localization is well documented in metazoans, somatic cells, and microorganisms, only a handful of well-defined mRNA localization examples have been reported in vascular plants and algae. This review summarizes the function and mechanism of mRNA localization and highlights recent studies of mRNA localization in vascular plants. While the emphasis focuses on storage protein mRNA localization in rice endosperm cells, information on targeting of RNAs to organelles (chloroplasts and mitochondria) and plasmodesmata is also discussed. WHAT IS MRNA LOCALIZATION? Localization of mRNAs was initially discovered in the 1980s, when b-actin mRNA was found to be asymmetrically distributed in ascidian eggs and embryos (Jeffery et al., 1983). This nonuniform spatial distribution pattern was later observed for maternal mRNAs in Xenopus (Rebagliati et al., 1985) and Drosophila oocytes (Frigerio et al., 1986; Berleth et al., 1988) and supported the proposal of prelocalized RNA during early development (Davidson, 1971; Kandler-Singer and Kalthoff, 1976). Subsequently, mRNA localization was observed in a variety of somatic cells such as fibroblasts (Lawrence and Singer, 1986), oligodendrocytes (Trapp et al., 1997), and neurons (Garner et al., 1988). Today, mRNA localization is prevalent in bacteria, yeast, algae, vascular plants, and metazoans and, therefore, is an ancient, universal, evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Our understanding of mRNA localization stems mainly from research in Xenopus, Drosophila, budding yeast, fungi, and structurally polarized animal cells

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mRNA Localization in Plant Cells

et al. 2019

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“…Free GFP was localized to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, as observed before. 20 We found that the AtNHR2B C-terminal deletion (AtNHR2B Δ141-342 - GFP) was localized to the cytoplasm only, suggesting that the localization to punctae requires the transmembrane domains ( Figure 4). The second truncated version (AtNHR2B Δ1-117, Δ223-342 -GFP) localized to the cytoplasm and to small dynamic punctae similar to the full-length protein, suggesting that the first transmembrane domain from amino acids 210 to 227 is sufficient to target the protein to punctae and, that this truncation represents the minimal protein size required for proper localization to cytoplasm and to subcellular endomembrane compartments just as the full length protein.…”

Section: Protein Domains In Atnhr2b Are Important For Protein Localizmentioning

confidence: 93%

Dissecting the functional domains of the Arabidopsis thaliana nonhost resistance 2B (AtNHR2B) protein

Singh

Rojas

2018

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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The Arabidopsis thaliana nonhost resistant 2B (AtNHR2B) is involved in plant defense responses by mediating the deposition of the ß-1,3-glucan polymer callose to the cell wall in response to bacterial pathogens. Despite having a critical role in plant immunity, the exact mechanism of how this protein functions is not known and its protein sequence does not have any similarity to known proteins characterized to date. Using in silico analysis we identified three transmembrane domains and two nuclear localization signals (NLS). To validate these predictions, we generated truncated versions of the protein fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) to analyze their subcellular localization by laser scanning confocal microscopy. We found that the in silico predictions matched the subcellular localization of the truncated versions. Specifically, the presence of at least one of the transmembrane domain was required for membrane-bound subcellular compartments. Intriguingly, the localization of the transmembrane domains and the nuclear localization signals correspond to overlapping regions of the protein at the C-terminus and found one truncation that enabled protein localization to the nucleus. These results highlight that AtNHR2B is a unique protein composed of various domains that enable the protein to localize to diverse subcellular compartments and, by virtue of these multiple localizations, likely functions in multiple biological processes. ARTICLE HISTORY

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“…It has been nearly a century since the initial demonstration that florigen functions as a mobile signal (Chaïlakhyan, ), and nearly two decades since its molecular characterization as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) (Takada & Goto, ; An et al ., ; Corbesier et al ., ; Jaeger & Wigge, ), and yet a complete understanding of the mechanisms for florigen function remain elusive. In addition to traveling as a protein signal (Corbesier et al ., ; Jaeger & Wigge, ; Mathieu et al ., ), there is a substantial body of evidence demonstrating that FT and related phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein (PEPB) family members move as transcripts, some of which exhibit selective intercellular trafficking (Li et al ., , ; Jackson & Hong, ; Lu et al ., ; Huang et al ., ; Luo et al ., ). Whether these mobile mRNAs serve as signals that contribute to the promotion of flowering is a long‐standing point of contention that has been challenging to resolve, because of the technical difficulty of separating the role of FT mRNA movement from the demonstrated function of FT protein in promoting reproductive transitions.…”

Section: Seasonal Changes In Developmentmentioning

confidence: 97%

Connecting the pieces: uncovering the molecular basis for long‐distance communication through plant grafting

Thomas

Frank

2019

New Phytologist

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Summary Vascular plants are wired with a remarkable long‐distance communication system. This network can span from as little as a few centimeters (or less) in species like Arabidopsis, up to 100 m in the tallest giant sequoia, linking distant organ systems into a unified, multicellular organism. Grafting is a fundamental technique that allows researchers to physically break apart and reassemble the long‐distance transport system, enabling the discovery of molecular signals that underlie intraorganismal communication. In this review, we highlight how plant grafting has facilitated the discovery of new long‐distance signaling molecules that function in coordinating developmental transitions, abiotic and biotic responses, and cross‐species interactions. This rapidly expanding area of research offers sustainable approaches for improving plant performance in the laboratory, the field, the orchard, and beyond.

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Selective Targeting of Mobile mRNAs to Plasmodesmata for Cell-to-Cell Movement

Cited by 55 publications

References 43 publications

mRNA Localization in Plant Cells

mRNA Localization in Plant Cells

Dissecting the functional domains of the Arabidopsis thaliana nonhost resistance 2B (AtNHR2B) protein

Connecting the pieces: uncovering the molecular basis for long‐distance communication through plant grafting

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