Comparison of Chromogenic Selective Media for the Detection of &lt;i&gt;Cronobacter&lt;/i&gt; spp. (&lt;i&gt;Enterobacter sakazakii&lt;/i&gt;)

Teramura, Hajime; Fukuda, Noriko; Okada, Yumiko; Ogihara, Hirokazu

doi:10.4265/bio.23.27

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Non-Cronobacter spp. would generally be differentiated on selective chromogenic agar 20,21) . This therefore suggests misidentification of the mealworm isolate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Presence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in Ready-to-eat Edible Insects

Greenhalgh

Amund

2019

Food Safety

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Edible insects present a potential solution to increasing global food insecurity. However, there is limited research on the microbial hazards they may pose. These include opportunistic pathogens like Cronobacter spp. (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii). In this study, nine types of ready-to-eat edible insect products purchased in the UK were examined for their microbial load (total aerobic count, total Enterobacteriaceae count), and screened for the presence of Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii) by selective enrichment and plating on chromogenic agar. While microbial load was generally low, presumptive Cronobacter spp. were detected in five of the edible insect products. Four of the isolates were identified as C. sakazakii, using the Remel RapID ONE biochemical test kit. Genotypic characterisation of the isolates by ITS-PCR, however, demonstrated that the isolates may be other species of Cronobacter instead. Further studies into understanding microbial hazards linked to edible insects for human consumption are required.

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“…Non-Cronobacter spp. would generally be differentiated on selective chromogenic agar 20,21) . This therefore suggests misidentification of the mealworm isolate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examining the Presence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in Ready-to-eat Edible Insects

Greenhalgh

Amund

2019

Food Safety

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“…Various selective meida for E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) have been developed by using of the fluorogenic or chromogenic enzyme substrates so as to eliminate the need for biochemical tests or subculture to confirm the identification of microorganisms [8][9][10][11][12]16,17]. Among the α-glucosidase substrates, 4-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside and 4-mehtyl-umbelliferyl-α-glucoside were used as possible markers [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Selective Media Containing Iron Source and Alpha-Glucosidase Substrates for Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) Detection

Chon¹,

Seo²,

Yim³

et al. 2021

J. Dairy Sci. Biotechnol.

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Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) causes meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, sepsis, and bacteremia in neonates and children and has a high mortality rate. For rapid E. sakazakii detection, various differential and selective media containing α-glucosidase substrates, such as 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (BCIG) or 4-methylumbelliferyl-α-D-glucoside (α-MUG), have been developed as only E. sakazakii exhibits α -glucosidase activity in the genus Enterobacter. However, Escherichia vulneris (family: Enterobacteriaceae) can also utilize α-glucosidase substrates, thereby resulting in false positives. Various iron sources are known to promote the growth of gram-negative bacteria.This study aimed to develop a selective medium containing α-glucosidase substrates for E. sakazakii detection that would eliminate false positives, such as those of E. vulneris, and to determine the role of iron source in the medium. Three previously developed (TPD) media, i.e., Oxoid, OK, and VRBG, and the medium developed in this study, i.e., NGTE, were evaluated using 58 E. sakazakii and 5 non-E. sakazakii strains. Fifty-four E. sakazakii strains appeared as fluorescent or chromogenic colonies on all four media that were assessed. Two strains showed colonies on NGTE medium and not on TPD media. In contrast, the remaining two strains showed colonies on TPD media and not on NGTE medium. None of the non-E. sakazakii strains showed fluorescent or chromogenic colonies on any of the evaluated media except E. vulneris, which showed colonies on TPD media and not on NGTE medium. This study demonstrated that the newly developed NGTE medium was not only equally efficient in promoting the growth of bacterial colonies when compared with the currently available media but also eliminated false positives, such as E. vulneris.

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“…To date, various companies have developed chromogenic agar products for detection of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp. ), but it is urgently needed to develop a method to solve the problem of false positives and false negatives [11][12][13]. Among the various chromogenic agars, Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI, UK) was first developed for the purpose of detecting E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rates of Recovery of Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) from Powdered Infant Formula Using Both a Chromogenic Agar and Real-Time PCR: A Preliminary Study

Song¹,

Seo²,

Chon³

2021

J. Dairy Sci. Biotechnol.

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Although the number of incidences of illness caused by ingestion of the bacterial pathogen Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) has dramatically declined, there remains a need for a robust isolation method to recover this microbe from powdered infant formula (PIF). The current method described in the FDA's Bacteriological Analytical Manual requires multiple steps, and 3-4+ days for complete analysis of PIF isolated E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). We describe a bacteriological method including a one-step enrichment followed by plating on chromogenic agar for presumptive identification of E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.). Suspected colonies are confirmed by either biochemical analyses, or a Real-Time PCR-based assay. Using this method, E. sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) in PIF can be isolated and identified within one day (24 hours).

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Comparison of Chromogenic Selective Media for the Detection of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. (<i>Enterobacter sakazakii</i>)

Abstract: The four types of chromogenic selective media that are commercially available in Japan were compared for establishing a Japanese standard method for detecting Cronobacter spp.

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Examining the Presence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in Ready-to-eat Edible Insects

Examining the Presence of <i>Cronobacter</i> spp. in Ready-to-eat Edible Insects

Evaluation of Selective Media Containing Iron Source and Alpha-Glucosidase Substrates for Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) Detection

Rates of Recovery of Enterobacter sakazakii (Cronobacter spp.) from Powdered Infant Formula Using Both a Chromogenic Agar and Real-Time PCR: A Preliminary Study

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