Lifestyle and vascular risk effects on MRI-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults from the broader New York City area

Mosconi, Lisa; Walters, Michelle; Sterling, Joanna; Quinn, Crystal; McHugh, Pauline; Andrews, Randolph; Matthews, Dawn; Ganzer, Christine A.; Osorio, Ricardo S.; Isaacson, Richard S.; Leon, Mony J. de; Convit, Antonio

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019362

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…Some interventional studies reported that n-3 PUFA supplementation improves cognition in healthy elderly subjects [52][53][54] and in subjects with MCI [55][56][57][58]. Many reports have also demonstrated the benefits of a diet rich in n-3 PUFA, as the Mediterranean diet, against age-related cognitive decline in MCI subjects and AD patients [59][60][61][62][63][64][65]. Anyway, still little is known about the brain mechanisms and correlates of the preserved cognitive functions in relation to the preventive effects of n-3 PUFA dietary intake during aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice

Cutuli

Landolfo

Decandia

et al. 2020

IJMS

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As major components of neuronal membranes, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) exhibit a wide range of regulatory functions. Recent human and animal studies indicate that n-3 PUFA may exert beneficial effects on aging processes. Here we analyzed the neuroprotective influence of n-3 PUFA supplementation on behavioral deficits, hippocampal neurogenesis, volume loss, and astrogliosis in aged mice that underwent a selective depletion of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons. Such a lesion represents a valid model to mimic a key component of the cognitive deficits associated with dementia. Aged mice were supplemented with n-3 PUFA or olive oil (as isocaloric control) for 8 weeks and then cholinergically depleted with mu-p75-saporin immunotoxin. Two weeks after lesioning, mice were behaviorally tested to assess anxious, motivational, social, mnesic, and depressive-like behaviors. Subsequently, morphological and biochemical analyses were performed. In lesioned aged mice the n-3 PUFA pre-treatment preserved explorative skills and associative retention memory, enhanced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and reduced volume and VAChT levels loss as well as astrogliosis in hippocampus. The present findings demonstrating that n-3 PUFA supplementation before cholinergic depletion can counteract behavioral deficits and hippocampal neurodegeneration in aged mice advance a low-cost, non-invasive preventive tool to enhance life quality during aging.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice

Cutuli

Landolfo

Decandia

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…Considerable research has addressed the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet (MD) on life expectancy and quality of life [1], since it has a positive effect on public health, and reduces the risk of suffering cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer’s, depression, diabetes, and cancer, as well as many others [2,3,4,5,6,7]. In addition, the MD is associated with better cognitive and emotional functioning [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the MD is associated with better cognitive and emotional functioning [6,7]. In addition, higher socioeconomic status and living in the family home is associated with a better quality of diet [8,9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student

et al. 2018

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(1) Background: The aim of this study was to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and to examine the relationship between MD adherence, physical activity, self-concept, and other sociodemographic factors; (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study (N = 597; 18.99 ± 0.64 years) was conducted in a sample of university students from Ceuta, Melilla, and Granada (Spain). Religious beliefs and place of residence were directly reported, while physical activity and adherence to the MD were self-reported using the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ-A) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) respectively. Self-concept was evaluated using the Five-Factor Self-Concept Scale; (3) Results: Of those students reporting high levels of habitual physical activity, 82.3% also reported high adherence to the MD, with 17.7% reporting a medium adherence. Of students reporting no physical activity, 25.7% also reported medium adherence to the MD. No significant associations were found between the MD and religious beliefs. It was observed that the university campus was associated with the level of adherence to the MD (p = 0.030), with adherence being lowest in Ceuta and Melilla. Finally, the MD was associated with academic (p = 0.001) and physical self-concept (p = 0.005); 4) Conclusions: The MD should be promoted to university students, particularly those studying at Ceuta and Melilla, given the present findings of lower MD adherence. In addition, as higher MD adherence was also highlighted with more positive self-concept, its promotion would be beneficial in wider educational contexts.

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“…Large scale comprehensive research designs are required to identify specifically which brain biomarkers are most sensitive to these potential effects, yet such data is scarce. Inconsistencies in the extant literature (discussed in 20 , for example) may be partly down to low statistical power due to small sample sizes, and consideration of only one or few measures of risk and/or single brain MRI outcomes at any one time 20 . In non-pathological samples, effects are likely to be relatively subtle; well-powered, detailed MRI with multi-tissue analyses which can also account for multiple risk factors (and their tendency to cooccur) have been called for 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between vascular risk factors and brain MRI indices in UK Biobank

Cox

Lyall

Ritchie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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AimsSeveral factors are known to increase risk for cerebrovascular disease and dementia, but there is limited evidence on associations between multiple vascular risk factors (VRFs) and detailed aspects of brain macro-and microstructure in large communitydwelling populations across middle-and older age. Methods and ResultsAssociations between VRFs (smoking, hypertension, pulse pressure, diabetes, hypercholersterolaemia, BMI, and waist-hip ratio) and both global and regional brain structural and diffusion MRI markers were examined in UK Biobank (N = 9722, age range 44-77 years). A larger number of VRFs was associated with greater brain atrophy, lower grey matter volume, and poorer white matter health. Effect sizes were small (brain structural R 2 ≤ 1.8%). Higher aggregate vascular risk was related to multiple regional MRI hallmarks associated with dementia risk: lower frontal and temporal cortical volumes, lower subcortical volumes, higher white matter hyperintensity volumes, and poorer white matter microstructure in association and thalamic pathways. Smoking pack years, hypertension and diabetes showed the most consistent associations across all brain measures. Hypercholesterolaemia was not uniquely associated with any MRI marker. ConclusionHigher levels of VRFs were associated with poorer brain health across grey and white matter macro-and microstructure. Effects are mainly additive, converging upon frontal and temporal cortex, subcortical structures, and specific classes of white matter fibres. Though effect sizes were small, these results emphasise the vulnerability of brain health to vascular factors even in relatively healthy middle and older age, and the potential to partly ameliorate cognitive decline by addressing these malleable risk factors.

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Lifestyle and vascular risk effects on MRI-based biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease: a cross-sectional study of middle-aged adults from the broader New York City area

Cited by 62 publications

References 49 publications

Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice

Neuroprotective Role of Dietary Supplementation with Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Presence of Basal Forebrain Cholinergic Neurons Degeneration in Aged Mice

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet Is Associated with Physical Activity, Self-Concept and Sociodemographic Factors in University Student

Associations between vascular risk factors and brain MRI indices in UK Biobank

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