Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against <scp>Bemisia tabaci</scp> (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Xu, Haiyun; Ni, Yang; Chi, Hsin; Ren, Guo-Dong; FangHao, Wan

doi:10.1002/ps.4908

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The population growth and paralyzing potential of the parasitoid were projected using the TIMING‐MSChart program. The paralyzing potential at time t was calculated as: 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host deprivation effects on population performance and paralysis rates of Habrobracon hebetor (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Atlıhan

Wang

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a gregarious ectoparasitoid that attacks the larvae of several species of pyralid and noctuid moths. The reproduction and population dynamics of parasitoids in general are affected by host deprivation. However, how host deprivation affects H. hebetor is unknown. The effect of host deprivation on the parental generation, life table parameters, and the paralysis rate of the F1 generation of H. hebetor were evaluated using the age‐stage, two‐sex life table under laboratory conditions. RESULTS The results indicated that the greatest longevity and the least lifetime fecundity of the F0 generation occurred after 19 days of host deprivation (PW‐20 treatment). The life table parameters (intrinsic rate of increase, r; finite rate of increase, λ; and net reproductive rate, R0) and the paralysis rate parameters (net paralysis rate, C0; transformation rate, Qp; stable paralysis rate, ψ; and finite paralysis rate, ω) of F1 individuals after PW‐20 treatment were significantly higher than those of individuals subjected to the control treatment (no host deprivation). However, no difference was detected between the two host deprivation treatments: host deprivation after 1 day of host contact and immediate host deprivation (PW treatment). CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the effectiveness of H. hebetor did not decrease even during host deprivation for 19 days. Meanwhile, it was observed that mass rearing of the parasitoid could be improved by providing 10 individuals of 5th instar larvae of Ephestia elutella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with a 20% honey‐water solution. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The population growth and paralyzing potential of the parasitoid were projected using the TIMING‐MSChart program. The paralyzing potential at time t was calculated as: 31 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host deprivation effects on population performance and paralysis rates of Habrobracon hebetor (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Atlıhan

Wang

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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“…reported that there was no adult preoviposition period (APOP) for E. mundus (Mercet) reared on B. tabaci , and Xu et al . highlighted the same for Eretmocerus hayati (Zolnerowich & Rose) developed on B. tabaci 30,80 . However, Liu reported that Eretmocerus melanoscutus (Zolnerowich & Rose) reared on B. tabaci had an APOP ranging from 1 to 2 days 81.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…In addition, pest populations that have developed resistance to pesticides have been actively selected for due to the wide applications of these chemicals 20–27 . By contrast, pest management practices using alternative means of biological control have shown no adverse effects on the environment and have proven effective in controlling whiteflies 13, 28–30 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yacon as an alternative host plant for Encarsia formosa mass‐rearing: validating a multinomial theorem for bootstrap technique in life table research

Zhao

Yang

et al. 2021

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) is a broadleaf host plant suitable for rearing the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Here, the possibility of using yacon as an alternative host plant for production of the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa Gahan, one of the most important natural enemies of whiteflies, was explored. Data on the demographic characteristics, parasitism rate, and host‐feeding rate were collected and analyzed using the TWOSEX‐MSChart, CONSUME‐MSChart, and TIMING‐MSChart computer programs, and then contrasted with comparable data from the more commonly utilized host plant, tobacco. RESULTS Higher fecundity (F) (190.13 eggs/female) and more oviposition days (Od) (16.60 days) were observed in E. formosa when yacon was used as the host plant for rearing T. vaporariorum, compared with when tobacco was used (F = 150.13 eggs/female, Od = 15.27 days). The intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ), and net reproduction rate (R0) were significantly higher in E. formosa parasitizing T. vaporariorum reared on yacon compared with those parasitizing tobacco‐reared T. vaporariorum. Furthermore, the net host‐feeding rate (C0 = 40.87 prey/parasitoid), net killing rate (Z0 = 239.73 prey/parasitoid), and finite killing rate (υ = 0.2560/day) for E. formosa on yacon‐reared whiteflies were significantly higher than those from tobacco‐reared whiteflies. CONCLUSION Our results showed that yacon is more suitable than tobacco as a host plant for mass‐rearing E. formosa for biological control programs to manage whiteflies. An innovative application of the multinomial theorem for calculating the exact probability of bootstrap samples in life table research was also introduced. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…The original population of E. hayati was introduced into the USA from Pakistan in the 1980s and then brought to China by an Entomologist within the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2008. In the following 10 years, its local populations increased and spread widely [9,[18][19][20]. In the biological control of whitefly, Asad [21] suggested that when the average host densities of B. tabaci were about 10 nymphs/leaf in order to enhance whitefly suppression, alternative strategies may be required, for example, continuous low number release of parasitoids by banker plants to retain the parasitoids by non-host food, and that the release of E. hayati at 1:10 ratio (parasitoid/host) for three consecutive weeks could achieve efficient suppression of B. tabaci.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

Ren

Liu

et al. 2019

Insects

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Biological control is an effective method for whitefly management compared to the potential problems caused by chemical control, including environmental pollution and the development of resistance. Combined use of insect parasitoids and entomopathogenic fungi has shown high efficiency in Bemisia tabaci control. Here, we assessed the impacts of an entomopathogenic fungus, Cordyceps javanica, on the parasitism rate of a dominant whitefly parasitoid, Eretmocerus hayati, and for the first time also compared their separate and combined potential in the suppression of B. tabaci under semi-field conditions. Six conidial concentrations of C. javanica (1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × 105, 1 × 106, 1 × 107 and 1 × 108 conidia/mL) were used to assess its pathogenicity to the pupae and adults of E. hayati. Results showed that the mortality of E. hayati increased with higher concentrations of C. javanica, but these higher concentrations of fungus had low pathogenicity to both the E. hayati pupae (2.00–28.00% mortality) and adults (2.67–34.00% mortality) relative to their pathogenicity to B. tabaci nymphs (33.33–92.68%). Bioassay results indicated that C. javanica was harmless (LC50 = 3.91 × 1010) and slightly harmful (LC50 = 5.56 × 109) to the pupae and adults of E. hayati respectively on the basis of IOBC criteria, and that E. hayati could parasitize all nymphal instars of B. tabaci that were pretreated with C. javanica, with its rate of parasitism being highest on second-instar nymphs (62.03%). Interestingly, the parasitoids from second and third-instar B. tabaci nymphs infected with C. javanica had progeny with increased longevity and developmental periods. Moreover, experimental data from 15 day semi-field studies indicate that combined application of C. javanica and E. hayati suppresses B. tabaci with higher efficiency than individual applications of both agents. Therefore, combined applications of C. javanica (1 × 108 conidia/mL) and E. hayati is a more effective and compatible biological control strategy for management of B. tabaci than using either of them individually.

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Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

Cited by 22 publications

References 50 publications

Host deprivation effects on population performance and paralysis rates of Habrobracon hebetor (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Host deprivation effects on population performance and paralysis rates of Habrobracon hebetor (hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Yacon as an alternative host plant for Encarsia formosa mass‐rearing: validating a multinomial theorem for bootstrap technique in life table research

Compatibility and Efficacy of the Parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati and the Entomopathogenic Fungus Cordyceps javanica for Biological Control of Whitefly Bemisia tabaci

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