From “A”IV to “Z”IKV: Attacks from Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens

Gao, George F.

doi:10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.025

Cited by 230 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Continuous epidemiological surveillance of emerging viruses is crucial to control widespread 1. According to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV), the family Circoviridae comprises two genera: Cyclovirus and Circovirus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3

et al. 2018

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Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a novel virus associated with acute PDNS (porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome)‐like clinical signs identified by metagenomic sequencing from swine. Its high occurrence may pose a potential threat to the swine industry worldwide. The processes resulting in the emergence and spread of PCV3 remain poorly understood. Herein, the possible origin, genotypes, and evolutionary dynamics of PCV3 based on available genomic sequences are determined. The closest ancestor of PCV3 is found to be within the clade 1 bat CVs. Using different phylogenetic methods, two major genotypes are identified, PCV3a and PCV3b. It is found that the effective population size of PCV3 increased rapidly during late 2013 to early 2014 and this is associated with the diversification of PCV3a and PCV3b. A relatively high effective reproductive number (Re) value and higher evolutionary rate were found compared to other single‐stranded DNA viruses, and positive selection on codons 122 and 320 (24 of ORF2) is identified. It is hypothesized that this, together with the prediction of a potential change of an antigenic epitope at position 320, might have allowed PCV3 to escape from the host immune response. Overall, this study has important implications for understanding the ongoing PCV3 cases worldwide and will guide future efforts to develop effective preventive and control measures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3

et al. 2018

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“…Further, we estimate that there are thousands of other CoVs in bats across Southeast Asia, many of which will have pandemic potential. We strongly urge that scientists in these countries work to discover all of these viruses so that we can catalog them, develop a reference library for rapid pathogen identification and risk assessment, and test vaccines and therapies against them [19,20].…”

Section: Biosafety and Health XXX (Xxxx) Xxxmentioning

confidence: 99%

A strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to the 2019-nCoV outbreak

Daszak

2020

Biosafety and Health

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A novel bat-origin coronavirus emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and continues to spread across China and the world. At the time of writing, a massive global response has been implemented to control the disease as it spreads from person to person. Yet the high-risk human-wildlife interactions and interfaces that led to the emergence of SARS-CoV and of 2019-nCoV continue to exist in emerging disease hotspots globally. To prevent the next epidemic and pandemic related to these interfaces, we call for research and investment in three areas: 1) surveillance among wildlife to identify the high-risk pathogens they carry; 2) surveillance among people who have contact with wildlife to identify early spillover events; and 3) improvement of market biosecurity regarding the wildlife trade. As the emergence of a novel virus anywhere can impact the furthest reaches of our connected world, international collaboration among scientists is essential to address these risks and prevent the next pandemic.

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“…The year 2018 marked the 100th anniversary of the 1918 Spanish flu pandemic, which resulted in~50 million casualties, more than the death toll from the First World War [2,3]. This pandemic is considered the deadliest in modern history.…”

Section: Naturally Occurring Biological Threatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent outbreaks of emerging and deadly viruses have highlighted a global vulnerability to public health emergencies. Countries around the world and international communities need to boost preparedness, and improve surveillance systems to predict, rapidly identify, and respond to the next public health crisis [2]. These systems need to be sensitive enough to cope with the challenges of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, risks associated with advances in biotechnology, and bio-terrorism threats.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health

Gao

2019

Biosafety and Health

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Biological threats, whether naturally occurring, accidental, or deliberate in origin, can result in disasters that are regional, national, or even global in scope if not properly contained. Many global communities, international programs, and governmental organizations have been established to mitigate these risks and challenges. In China, for example, the government has systematically implemented long-term plans including a complete country-wide architecture for biosafety management. It includes the establishment of a series of improved biosafety laws/regulations/standards and of a large number of high-level biosafety laboratories. All countries should encourage preparedness and improve surveillance systems to predict, identify, and respond to the next public health crisis. More grants and funds should be established for research into biosafety and biosecurity. Most importantly, international collaborations, partnerships, and communications should be enhanced. The journal Biosafety and Health aims to provide a global communications platform on biosafety related to human and animal health.

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From “A”IV to “Z”IKV: Attacks from Emerging and Re-emerging Pathogens

Cited by 230 publications

References 10 publications

Origin, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3

Origin, Genetic Diversity, and Evolutionary Dynamics of Novel Porcine Circovirus 3

A strategy to prevent future epidemics similar to the 2019-nCoV outbreak

For a better world: Biosafety strategies to protect global health

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