Enhancing Global Health Security: US Africa Command’s Disaster Preparedness Program

Hamer, Melinda; Reed, Paul; Greulich, Jane D; Beadling, Charles W.

doi:10.1017/dmp.2018.17

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Civil–military capacity building projects are challenged by high military personnel turnover rates,29 and stakeholders in preparedness exercises struggle with their own competing organisational priorities 30–32. It is mentioned again that successful cooperation requires early involvement of stakeholders as well as reliable long-term commitments 29 30 32 33. However, in low-income and middle-income countries, international military assistance in capacity building can be suspected of political or security motives, to the extent that improving the local healthcare system is believed to serve primarily the strengthening of international relationships and foreign military strategy and capacities 1 19 29 33 34.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is mentioned again that successful cooperation requires early involvement of stakeholders as well as reliable long-term commitments 29 30 32 33. However, in low-income and middle-income countries, international military assistance in capacity building can be suspected of political or security motives, to the extent that improving the local healthcare system is believed to serve primarily the strengthening of international relationships and foreign military strategy and capacities 1 19 29 33 34. Obviously, such practices, especially when hampered by short-term interventions, hold the risk of causing tensions and distrust 1 19.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, military financial flows provide an opportunity for bolstering civil–military capacity building programmes 34 35. However, programme discontinuity due to lack of money or inconsistent funding remains challenging,29 34 35 as insufficient funding is for effective preparedness planning and exercising 31. In relation to preparedness plans, opportunities for accessible military capacity are mentioned in two papers 38 39.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More coordination is required within both military and civil agencies performing similar work 29 34 35. Some authors promote unified command in CMC for planning and exercises 32 36…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Civil–military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review

Janse

Kalkman

Burchell³

et al. 2022

BMJ Glob Health

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IntroductionCivil–military cooperation (CMC) in infectious disease outbreak responses has become more common, and has its own cooperation dynamics. These collaborations fit WHO’s call for multisectoral cooperation in managing health emergencies according to the emergency management cycle (EMC). However, the literature on CMC on this topic is fragmented. The core aim of this review is to understand the breadth and dynamics of this cooperation by using the EMC as a framework and by identifying challenges and opportunities in the management of outbreaks.MethodsA scoping review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was conducted. A systematic search for peer-reviewed journals was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Eligible papers addressed substantive contributions to the understanding of CMC. Papers were categorised by EMC phase and relevant information on study characteristics and areas of cooperation were extracted from the data. Recurring themes on challenges and opportunities in cooperation were identified by means of qualitative interpretation analysis.ResultsThe search resulted in 8360 papers; 54 were included for analysis. Most papers provided a review of activities or expert opinions. CMC was described in all EMC phases, with the fewest references in the recovery phase (n=1). In total, eight areas of CMC were explored. Regarding the better understanding of cooperative dynamics, the qualitative analysis of the papers yielded five recurring themes covering challenges and opportunities in CMC: managing relations, framework conditions, integrating collective activities, governance and civil–military differences.ConclusionGuided by these five themes, successful CMC requires sustainable relations, binding agreements, transparency, a clear operational perspective and acknowledgement of organisational cultural differences. Early and continuous engagement proves crucial to avoid distrust and tension among stakeholders, frequently caused by differences in strategical goals. Original research on this topic is limited.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More coordination is required within both military and civil agencies performing similar work 29 34 35. Some authors promote unified command in CMC for planning and exercises 32 36…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Civil–military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review

Janse

Kalkman

Burchell³

et al. 2022

BMJ Glob Health

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Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

Utunen,

Balaciano,

Arabi

et al. 2023

Preprint

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BackgroundKeeping the health workforce and the public informed with the latest evolving knowledge is critical to preventing, detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks or other health emergencies. Having a well informed, ready, willing, and skilled workforce and an informed public can help save lives, reduce diseases and suffering, and minimize socio-economic loss in affected communities and countries. Providing support and opportunities for learning in health emergencies is much needed for capacity building. In this paper, ‘learning intervention’ refers to the provision of ad-hoc, focused, or personalized training sessions with the goal of preparing the health workers for emergencies or filling specific knowledge or skill gaps. We refer to ‘training methods’ as instructional design strategies used to teach someone the necessary knowledge and skills to perform a task.MethodsWe conducted a scoping review to map and better understand what learning interventions and training methods have been used in the different types of health emergencies and with whom. Studies were identified by searching Pubmed/Medline, Embase and consulting with experts.ResultsOf the 319 records that were included, contexts related to COVID-19, disasters in general, Ebola and wars were most frequently covered. Four topic areas were identified: Knowledge evaluation, Emergency Plans, Impact of the learning intervention, and training methods. Much of the evidence was based on observational methods with few trials, which likely reflects the unique context of each health emergency. Evolution of methods was apparent, particularly in virtual learning. Learning during health emergencies appeared to improve knowledge, management, quality of life, satisfaction and clinical outcomes.ConclusionThis is the first scoping review to map the evidence, which serves as a first step to develop urgently needed global guidance to further improve the quality and reach of learning interventions and training methods in this context.

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Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

Utunen,

Balaciano,

Arabi

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Keeping the health workforce and the public informed about the latest evolving health information during a health emergency is critical to preventing, detecting and responding to infectious disease outbreaks or other health emergencies. Having a well-informed, ready, willing, and skilled workforce and an informed public can help save lives, reduce diseases and suffering, and minimize socio-economic loss in affected communities and countries. Providing “just in time” support and opportunities for learning in health emergencies is much needed for capacity building. In this paper, ‘learning intervention’ refers to the provision of ad-hoc, focused, or personalized training sessions with the goal of preparing the health workers for emergencies or filling specific knowledge or skill gaps. We refer to ‘training methods’ as instructional design strategies used to teach someone the necessary knowledge and skills to perform a task. Methods We conducted a scoping review to map and better understand what learning interventions and training methods have been used in different types of health emergencies and by whom. Studies were identified using six databases (Pubmed/Medline, Embase, Hinari, WorldCat, CABI and Web of Science) and by consulting with experts. Characteristics of studies were mapped and displayed and major topic areas were identified. Results Of the 319 records that were included, contexts most frequently covered were COVID-19, disasters in general, Ebola and wars. Four prominent topic areas were identified: 1) Knowledge acquisition, 2) Emergency plans, 3) Impact of the learning intervention, and 4) Training methods. Much of the evidence was based on observational methods with few trials, which likely reflects the unique context of each health emergency. Evolution of methods was apparent, particularly in virtual learning. Learning during health emergencies appeared to improve knowledge, general management of the situation, quality of life of both trainers and affected population, satisfaction and clinical outcomes. Conclusion This is the first scoping review to map the evidence, which serves as a first step in developing urgently needed global guidance to further improve the quality and reach of learning interventions and training methods in this context.

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Enhancing Global Health Security: US Africa Command’s Disaster Preparedness Program

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Civil–military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review

Civil–military cooperation in the management of infectious disease outbreaks: a scoping review

Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

Learning interventions and training methods in health emergencies: A scoping review

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