Pyrolysis production of fruit peel biochar for potential use in treatment of palm oil mill effluent

Lam, Su Shiung; Liew, Rock Keey; Cheng, Chin Kui; Rasit, Nazaitulshila; Ooi, Chee Kuan; Ling, Nyuk; Ng, Jo-Han; Lam, Wei-Haur; Chong, Cheng Tung; Chase, Howard A.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.092

Cited by 160 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The quality of biochar is usually determined by its textural and surface properties, and biochar is commonly used as a bio‐fertilizer, carbon sequestration and soil management . Biochar can be produced via pyrolysis of a variety of lignocellulose materials such as coconut shell, palm kernel shell, fruit peel, or rice straw . In particular, microwave pyrolysis is becoming a popular pyrolysis approach to produce biochar or activated carbon due to its several distinct advantages .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Oil palm shell (OPS) is a biomass widely available from palm oil mills. Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis (SPMP) was performed to produce carbon‐rich biochar from OPS for the adsorption of methylene blue dye. The effect of feedstock amount on the pyrolysis temperature, yield and characteristics of the biochar were investigated. RESULT The amount of feedstock was directly proportional to the final pyrolysis temperature. The pyrolysis reached a maximum final temperature of 760 °C when ≥300 g of OPS was loaded into the reactor without microwave absorbent. A heating rate of up to 105 °C min−1 was recorded, producing a yield of 40 wt% of biochar at a short processing time of 20 min. The biochar obtained at 700 °C showed relatively low volatile matter (24 wt%), higher fixed carbon content (66 wt%), carbon (78.5 wt%), oxygen (17.7 wt%), a highly porous structure with high BET surface area of 410 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 0.16 cm3 g−1, and recorded a methylene blue dye adsorption efficiency of 20 mg g−1. CONCLUSION The SPMP approach showed exceptional promise to produce biochar with low H/C ratio (0.5) and O/C ratio (0.2), which indicated a high degree of carbonization and stability of the biochar to act as a durable agent in wastewater treatment. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Kong¹,

Lam

Yek

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

Self Cite

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“…types of biomass, process temperature) during the pyrolysis process. 8,9,15,16 It was also reported that the biochar surface area provides adsorption properties that can be applied in numerous applications, acting as soil amendment for planting, [17][18][19] carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas adsorbent, 20,21 removal of heavy metal in wastewater, 22 industrial effluent treatment, 23 precursor of activated carbon [24][25][26] and production of supercapacitor electrodes. 27 In this study, SMS was converted into biochar using microwave vacuum pyrolysis, then the biochar was used as a new ingredient added to mushroom substrate to cultivate Pleurotus species mushroom (Oyster mushroom).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…types of biomass, process temperature) during the pyrolysis process . It was also reported that the biochar surface area provides adsorption properties that can be applied in numerous applications, acting as soil amendment for planting, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) gas adsorbent, removal of heavy metal in wastewater, industrial effluent treatment, precursor of activated carbon and production of supercapacitor electrodes …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation

Lam

Lee

Nam

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), largely produced as an agriculture waste from mushroom cultivation, was transformed into biochar via microwave vacuum pyrolysis under different ratios of SMS to microwave absorbent (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3). The biochar was then examined for its potential to be re‐used in mushroom cultivation as a growth medium added to conventional mushroom baglog (plastic bag with mushroom seeds and culture substrates containing rice straw, sawdust, lime and water), with emphasis on its ability to form mycelium – a fungus that grows into mushroom from its seeds. RESULT The pyrolysis generated up to 36 wt% biochar yield with a large adsorption area (up to 215 m2 g‐1) and less water (4 wt%), indicating that many adsorption sites are available on which mushroom seeds, nutrient and water can be adsorbed onto in order to form mycelium (and subsequently mushroom). The biochar added to grow mushroom in baglog recorded a higher water retention percentage (up to 59%), a higher mycelium colonization length in 8 days (6.3 cm), coverage area (up to 259 cm2) and total mycelium growth volume (317 cm3), and resulted in a higher yield of mushroom (200 g month‐1) than that recorded for the conventional baglog without biochar (160 g month‐1). CONCLUSION The results indicated that biochar produced from SMS using microwave vacuum pyrolysis shows great potential in retaining water and nutrient that in turn promotes the formation of mycelium that leads to increased growth of mushroom in its cultivation. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…In recent decades, the application of biochar to agricultural soils has been proven to be a good practice for climate change and soil carbon sequestration [1,17], and this practice has led to positive effects on root morphology and functioning [21]. Biochar is a carbon rich solid substance produced under a controlled pyrolysis temperature in a negligible O 2 environment [18,22]. It has higher pore space and surface area [17], higher water holding capacity [23], reduced soil bulk density [10] and reduced nutrients losses [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil

et al. 2019

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The conversion of organic wastes into biochar via the pyrolysis technique could be used to produce soil amendments useful as a source of plant nutrients. In this study, we investigated the effects of fruit peels and milk tea waste-derived biochars on wheat growth, yield, root traits, soil enzyme activities and nutrient status. Eight amendment treatments were tested: no amendment (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), banana peel biochar 1% (BB1 + CF), banana peel biochar 2% (BB2 + CF), orange peel biochar 1% (OB1 + CF), orange peel biochar 2% (OB2 + CF), milk tea waste biochar 1% (TB1 + CF) and milk tea waste biochar 2% (TB2 + CF). The results indicated that chlorophyll values, plant height, grain yield, dry weight of shoot and root were significantly (p < 0.05) increased for the TB2 + CF treatment as compared to other treatments. Similarly, higher contents of nutrients in grains, shoots and roots were observed for TB2 + CF: N (61.3, 23.3 and 7.6 g kg−1), P (9.2, 10.4 and 8.3 g kg−1) and K (9.1, 34.8 and 4.4 g kg−1). Compared to CK, the total root length (41.1%), surface area (56.5%), root volume (54.2%) and diameter (78.4%) were the greatest for TB2 + CF, followed by BB2 + CF, OB2 + CF, TB1 + CF, BB1 + CF, OB1 + CF and CF, respectively. However, BB + CF and OB + CF treatments increased β-glucosidase and dehydrogenase, but not urease activity, as compared to the TB + CF amendment, while all enzyme activity decreased with the increased biochar levels. We concluded that the conversion of fruit peels and milk tea waste into biochar products contribute the benefits of environmental and economic issues, and should be tested as soil amendments combined with chemical fertilizers for the improvement of wheat growth and grain yield as well as soil fertility status under field conditions.

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Pyrolysis production of fruit peel biochar for potential use in treatment of palm oil mill effluent

Cited by 160 publications

References 41 publications

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Self‐purging microwave pyrolysis: an innovative approach to convert oil palm shell into carbon‐rich biochar for methylene blue adsorption

Microwave vacuum pyrolysis conversion of waste mushroom substrate into biochar for use as growth medium in mushroom cultivation

Effects of Different Biochars on Wheat Growth Parameters, Yield and Soil Fertility Status in a Silty Clay Loam Soil

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