Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of CTX-M-15 Beta-Lactamase-Producing <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> in Healthy Children from a Rural Andean Village in Venezuela

Abstract

ObjectivesAntimicrobial resistant extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) have been shown to be present in healthy communities. This study examined healthy children from the rural Andean village of Llano del Hato, Mérida, Venezuela, who have had little or no antibiotic exposure to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC).MethodsA total of 78 fecal samples were collected in healthy children aged from 1 to 5 years. ESBL-EC were selected in MacConkey agar plates with cefotaxime and further confirmed by the VITEK 2 system. ESBL were phenotypically detected and presence of bla genes and their variants were confirmed by molecular assays. Determination of phylogenetic groups was performed by PCR amplification. Risk factors associated with fecal carriage of ESBL-EC-positive isolates were analyzed using standard statistical methods.ResultsOf the 78 children studied, 27 (34.6%) carried ESBL-EC. All strains harbored the blaCTX-M-15 allele. Of these, 8 were co-producers of blaTEM-1, blaTEM-5, blaSHV-5 or blaSHV-12. Co-resistance to aminoglycosides and/or fluoroquinolones was observed in 9 strains. 51.9% of ESBL-EC isolates were classified within phylogroup A. A significant, positive correlation was found between age (≥2.5 – ≤5 years), food consumption patterns and ESBL-EC fecal carriage.ConclusionThis is the first study describing the high prevalence of fecal carriage of ESBL-EC expressing CTX-M-15- among very young, healthy children from a rural Andean village in Venezuela with scarce antibiotic exposure, underlining the importance of this population as a reservoir.

Global prevalence and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing-Escherichia coli in dogs and cats – A scoping review and meta-analysis

“…The estimated prevalence of 6.29% [95% IC: 4.34–9.02%] of ESBL- E. coli in companion animals can be considered lower compared to estimations in livestock (50%–70%) [ [152] , [153] , [154] , [155] ], and in humans (2%–46%) [ [156] , [157] , [158] , [159] ]. No statistical differences of prevalence were observed between dogs (6.87%) and cats (5.04%) and we did not observe variation on the prevalence rates of ESBL- E. coli either in dogs or cats over years (meta-regression, p > 0.1).…”

The Epidemiological Pattern and Risk Factor of ESBL (Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase) Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Gut Bacterial Flora of Dairy Cows and People Surrounding in Rural Area, Indonesia

“…22 This bacterium also acts as an indicator of 'acquired antibiotic resistance genes' in the community. 23 Distribution of bla CTX-M in the ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in dairy cows by 85.7% is higher than the distribution of bla CTX-M in cattle farms in Germany 80%. 6 At farmers, distribution of bla CTX-M in the ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae by 76.5% higher than in healthy individuals in rural areas in China by 68.1% 18 and in Thailand by 65.7%.…”

Fecal Carriage of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Children in Zonguldak

“…Fekal taşıyıcılığı olan çocuklardaki enzim tipleri üzerine literatür bilgilerine bakıldığında da CTX-M enzim tipinin baskın olduğu, temel enzim sağlayıcısının da E. coli olduğu gözlenmektedir [18][19][20] . Moleküler kanıtlara göre birçok olguda geçişin sorumlusu CTX-M-15 üreten E. coli suşları olarak görülmektedir [21][22][23] .…”