Abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa in diverticular disease

Abstract

AIMTo compare gut bacterial diversity and amount of Enterobacteriaceae in colonic mucosa between patients with and without diverticular disease (DD).METHODSPatients in a stable clinical condition with planned elective colonoscopy were included. Blood samples and colon mucosa biopsies were collected at the colonoscopy. Study questionnaires including questions about gastrointestinal symptoms were completed by the patients and physicians. DNA from mucosa samples was isolated and the amount of Enterobacteriaceae was estimated using PCR assay. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism was applied to assess microbial diversity. Diversity was estimated by calculations of richness (number of terminal restriction fragments) and Shannon-Wiener and Simpson’s indices.RESULTSA total of 51 patients were included, 16 patients with DD [68 (62-76) years] and 35 controls [62 (40-74) years] without any diverticula. Patients with DD had significantly higher levels of Enterobacteriaceae than those without DD (P = 0.043), and there was an inverse relationship between the amount of Enterobacteriaceae and the Simpson’s index (rs = -0.361, P = 0.033) and the Shannon-Wiener index (rs = -0.299, P = 0.081). The Simpson’s index (P = 0.383), Shannon-Wiener index (P = 0.401) or number of restrictions fragments (P = 0.776) did not differ between DD and controls. The majority of patients experienced gastrointestinal symptoms, and 22 patients (43.1%) fulfilled the criteria for irritable bowel syndrome, with no difference between the groups (P = 0.212). Demography, socioeconomic status, lifestyle habits, inflammatory biomarkers, or symptoms were not related to the amount of Enterobacteriaceae or bacterial diversity.CONCLUSIONPatients with DD had higher amount of Enterobacteriaceae in the colon mucosa compared to patients without diverticula.

Dietary fibre intake and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies

“…Several animal studies have shown that a low-fibre diet substantially increases the rates for colonic diverticula [36][37][38][39]. Some studies have suggested differences in the gut microbiota of diverticular disease patients compared to controls [40][41][42][43][44][45] and one study suggested that patients with diverticular disease have depletion of microbiota with anti-inflammatory activity [40]. Further studies are needed to clarify whether and how fibre intake might interact with the microbiota in reducing diverticular disease risk.…”

Impact of TGEV infection on the pig small intestine

“…Among Enterobacteriaceae family, Escherichia coli is the most common cause of diarrhea in pigs and piglets [22][23][24]. Research has shown that animals with signs of intestinal disease have far greater numbers of Enterobacteriaceae than do healthy individuals, and that the Enterobacteriaceae are linked to intestinal disorders [25,26].…”

Lactobacillus fermentum and Lactobacillus plantarum increased gut microbiota diversity and functionality, and mitigated Enterobacteriaceae, in a mouse model

“…One example of an adverse effect of commonplace E. coli, is that early colonisation in infants increases the risk for atopic eczema later in life (Penders et al, 2007), and the same effect has low diversity, early in life (Abrahamsson et al, 2012;Ismail et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2008). It has also been observed that Enterobacteriaceae are abundant in the colonic mucosa of patients suffering from diverticular disease (Linninge et al, 2018). A clinically problem of considerable magnitude involving E. coli is urinary tract infections (UTIs) where it has been seen that uropathogenic E. coli often dominates the faecal microbiota of the…”