Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion

Gardner, Christopher D.; Trepanowski, John F.; Gobbo, Liana C Del; Hauser, Michelle E.; Rigdon, Joseph; Ioannidis, John P. A.; Desai, Manisha; King, Abby C.

doi:10.1001/jama.2018.0245

Cited by 542 publications

(385 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…We can investigate the effects of one component addition or deletion on health or disease incidence, 24 but it will be much more difficult to compare different dietary patterns. 51 Close adherence only to one diet seems to betray the nature of humans' feeding behavior and needs forceful will. The precise record and analysis of daily calorie intake and nutrition compositions are other technical barriers until now.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Jiangnan diet, a healthy diet pattern for Chinese

Wang

Lin

Bloomgarden

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes

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Geographically, the Qinling Mountain—Huai River line divides China into two parts, Northern and Southern. Surprisingly, the line also divides the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in Northern China from the low prevalence of Southern China. In past decades, the diet‐center hypothesis has gained much support from the apparent cardiometabolic disease‐protection effect of the Mediterranean diet. Questions include the following: Does the diet pattern explain the disease prevalence difference between two parts with similar genetic background? What kind of diet pattern is suitable for future national diet recommendation for Chinese, as the Mediterranean diet does for the Western countries? Here, we review the main healthy diet components, which the native inhabitants in the Yangtze River Delta region have eaten for several hundreds of years, and refer to this healthy diet as “Southern River (江南)‐style dietary pattern” or “Jiangnan Diet.”

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confidence: 99%

The Jiangnan diet, a healthy diet pattern for Chinese

Wang

Lin

Bloomgarden

et al. 2020

Journal of Diabetes

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“…4 Although a topic of scientific and public debates, extensive and rigorous evidence review finds no clear evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for superiority from either high-or low-CHO diets for weight control or for diabetes care. [5][6][7][8] Most clinical guidelines allow flexibility over CHO content, to suit personal preference, but the role of high-CHO foods as sources of micronutrients appears rather neglected in this debate. 9,10 Very limited previous evidence has suggested that micronutrient content and adequacy may be compromised.…”

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confidence: 99%

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

et al. 2019

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Summary A systematic review of published evidence on micronutrient intake/status with carbohydrate‐restricted diets (CRD) was conducted in Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CENTRAL, and http://ClinicalTrials.gov up to October 2018. We identified 10 studies: seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (“Atkins”‐style, n = 5; “Paleolithic” diets, n = 2), two Atkins‐style noncontrolled trials and one cross‐sectional study. Prescribed carbohydrate varied 4% to 34% of energy intake. Only one noncontrolled trial prescribed multivitamin supplements. Dietary intakes/status were reported over 2 to 104 weeks, with weight losses from 2 to 9 kg. No diagnoses of deficiency were reported. Intakes of thiamine, folate, magnesium, calcium, iron, and iodine all decreased significantly (−10% to −70% from baseline) with any CRD types. Atkins diet trials (n = 6; 4%‐34%E carbohydrate) showed inconsistent changes in vitamin A, E, and β‐carotene intakes, while a single “Paleolithic” diet trial (28%E carbohydrate) reported increases in these micronutrients. One other “Paleolithic” diet (30%E carbohydrate) reported a rise in moderate iodine deficiency from 15% to 73% after 6 months. In conclusion, few studies have assessed the impacts of CRD on micronutrients. Studies with different designs point towards reductions in several vitamins and minerals, with potential risk of micronutrient inadequacies. Trial reporting standards are expected to include analysis of micronutrient intake/status. Micronutrients in foods and/or supplements should be considered when designing, prescribing or following CRDs.

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“…Because overall weight change and attrition did not differ between the two diet‐type treatment arms (low‐carbohydrate and low‐fat) , data were collapsed across the two arms, as has been done previously . Furthermore, because diet type was the randomization factor in the parent study, it was included as a covariate in all analyses.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The intervention lasted 12 months. No mean differences in weight change (the primary outcome) were found between treatment arms, with weight losses of 5 to 6 kg, on average, at 12 months .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Baseline Psychosocial and Demographic Factors Associated with Study Attrition and 12‐Month Weight Gain in the DIETFITS Trial

Fielding‐Singh

Patel

King

et al. 2019

Obesity

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Objective The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of failure—trial attrition and weight gain—in a randomized clinical weight‐loss trial. Methods The Diet Intervention Examining The Factors Interacting with Treatment Success (DIETFITS) trial included 609 adults (18‐50 years; BMI 28‐40). Participants were randomized to a 12‐month healthy low‐fat or healthy low‐carbohydrate diet for weight loss. At baseline, participants completed psychosocial, demographic, and anthropometric measures. Stepwise logistic regressions identified baseline factors associated with (1) study attrition and (2) among trial completers, weight gain at 12 months. Results Having higher baseline food addiction and self‐efficacy was linked to treatment failure. Being younger, not having a college education, having higher outcome expectations and quality of life, and having lower social functioning and self‐control increased the odds of trial attrition. Identifying as other than non‐Hispanic white; not being married or cohabitating; having higher cognitive restraint and self‐control; and having lower amotivation, family encouragement, and physical limitations increased the odds of gaining weight by treatment’s end. Conclusions Participants’ baseline psychosocial and demographic factors may support or impede successful weight loss. Trialists should attend to these factors when designing treatments in order to promote participants’ likelihood of completing the trial and achieving their weight‐loss goals.

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Effect of Low-Fat vs Low-Carbohydrate Diet on 12-Month Weight Loss in Overweight Adults and the Association With Genotype Pattern or Insulin Secretion

Abstract: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01826591.

Cited by 542 publications

References 43 publications

The Jiangnan diet, a healthy diet pattern for Chinese

The Jiangnan diet, a healthy diet pattern for Chinese

Impacts of carbohydrate‐restricted diets on micronutrient intakes and status: A systematic review

Baseline Psychosocial and Demographic Factors Associated with Study Attrition and 12‐Month Weight Gain in the DIETFITS Trial

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