Mediators of episodic memory decay across the adult life span

Cansino, Selene; Torres-Trejo, Frine; Estrada-Manilla, Cinthya; Hernández-Ramos, Evelia; Martínez-Galindo, Joyce Graciela; Gómez-Fernández, Tania; Ayala-Hernández, Mariana; Ramírez-González, Maria Dolores; Ruíz-Velasco, Silvia

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-20884-2

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…The findings of age-invariance in the probability of successful memory retrieval in the current experiments contrast with previous reports of age-related declines in episodic recollection success (e.g., Cansino et al, 2018;Simons, Dodson, Bell, & Schacter, 2004).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval

Korkki

Richter

Jeyarathnarajah

et al. 2018

Preprint

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Episodic memory declines with older age, but it is unresolved whether this decline reflects reduced probability of successfully retrieving information from memory, or decreased precision of the retrieved information. Here, we used continuous measures of episodic memory retrieval in combination with computational modelling of participants' retrieval errors to distinguish between these two potential accounts of age-related memory deficits. In three experiments, young and older participants encoded stimuli displays consisting of everyday objects varying along different perceptual features (e.g., location, colour and orientation) in a circular space. At test, participants recreated the features of studied objects using a continuous response dial. Across all three experiments, we observed age-related declines in the precision of episodic memory retrieval, whereas age differences in retrieval success were limited to the most challenging task condition. Reductions in mnemonic precision were evident for retrieval of both item-based and contextual information, and persisted after controlling for age-related decreases in the fidelity of perception and working memory. The findings highlight impoverished precision of memory representations as one factor contributing to age-related episodic memory loss, and suggest that the cognitive and neural changes associated with older age can differentially affect distinct aspects of episodic retrieval.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, investigations of age-related changes in episodic memory have focused on examining the effects of older age on measures of retrieval success (e.g., Cansino et al, 2018;Craik & McDowd, 1987;Koutstaal, 2003;Mark & Rugg, 1998;Naveh-Benjamin, 2000).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval

Korkki

Richter

Jeyarathnarajah

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The study included 519 healthy adults between the ages of 61 and 80 (265 women and 254 men); their average age was 70.2 ± 5.4 years (mean ± SD), and they had 13.3 ± 4.5 years of formal education. This subsample was drawn from a larger sample based on the participants’ age (Cansino et al, 2018a). Participants were recruited in Mexico City through advertisements, appeals to community groups, flyers, and word of mouth.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of Source Memory Success and Failure in Older Adults

Cansino

Torres-Trejo

Estrada-Manilla

et al. 2019

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Source memory decline has been identified as one of the types of memory most seriously affected during older age. It refers to our capacity to recollect the contextual information in which our experiences take place. Although most elderly adults will be affected by progressive source memory decline, a subset of individuals will not follow this average pattern; instead, their source memory capabilities will remain functional. Likewise, a minority of individuals will manifest an extreme decay of their source memory abilities. The objective of the present study was to identify among 120 potential predictors that significantly contributed to these two extreme source memory outcomes. Spatial source memory was measured in a sample of 519 healthy individuals between 61 and 80 years old. Individuals who performed below the 20th and above the 80th percentiles in the source memory task were defined as individuals whose episodic memory failed and succeeded, respectively. Logistic models identified five and six significant predictors of source memory success and failure in older age, respectively. High source memory performance was mainly predicted by healthy cardiovascular markers and psychological traits, whereas low source memory performance was primarily predicted by consumption habits and by less engagement in mental activities. The models identified relevant biological and life experiences that underlie these unusual source memory outcomes in older age.

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“…Concerning its development from early to late adulthood, several cross-sectional studies conducted in large groups of participants ( N > 100) with wide age ranges found no effect of age on estimation performance ( Bullard et al , 2004 ; Della Sala et al , 2004 ; Scarpina et al , 2015 ). The results of another cross-sectional study suggest that cognitive estimation performance might even improve until old age ( MacPherson et al , 2014 ), in sharp contrast to the decline of many intellectual abilities observed between middle and late adulthood ( Gauvrit et al , 2017 ; Cansino et al , 2018 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The right anterior temporal lobe critically contributes to magnitude knowledge

Pflugshaupt

Bauer

Frey

et al. 2020

Brain Communications

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Cognitive estimation is a mental ability applied to solve numerical problems when precise facts are unknown, unavailable or impractical to calculate. It has been associated with several underlying cognitive components, most often with executive functions and semantic memory. Little is known about the neural correlates of cognitive estimation. To address this issue, the present cross-sectional study applied lesion-symptom mapping in a group of 55 patients with left hemineglect due to right-hemisphere stroke. Previous evidence suggests a high prevalence of cognitive estimation impairment in these patients, as they might show a general bias towards large magnitudes. Compared to 55 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, the patient group demonstrated impaired cognitive estimation. However, the expected large magnitude bias was not found. Lesion-symptom mapping related their general estimation impairment predominantly to brain damage in the right anterior temporal lobe. Also critically involved were the right uncinate fasciculus, the anterior commissure, and the right inferior frontal gyrus. The main findings of the present study emphasise the role of semantic memory in cognitive estimation, with reference to a growing body of neuroscientific literature postulating a transmodal hub for semantic cognition situated in the bilateral anterior temporal lobe. That such semantic hub function may also apply to numerical knowledge is not undisputed. We here propose a critical contribution of the right anterior temporal lobe to at least one aspect of number processing, i.e. the knowledge about real-world numerical magnitudes.

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Mediators of episodic memory decay across the adult life span

Cited by 14 publications

References 40 publications

Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval

Healthy ageing reduces the precision of episodic memory retrieval

Predictors of Source Memory Success and Failure in Older Adults

The right anterior temporal lobe critically contributes to magnitude knowledge

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