Novel Strategies Using Total Gastrodin and Gastrodigenin, or Total Gastrodigenin for Quality Control of Gastrodia elata

Abstract

Gastrodia elata Blume (G. elata), a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used for treatment of various neuro dysfunctions. However, its quality control is still limited to the determination of gastrodin. In the present study, two novel strategies based on quantitative evaluation of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin with base hydrolysis and total gastrodigenin with base-enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-FLD were put forward and successfully applied to evaluate the quality of 47 batches of G. elata from eight localities. Meanwhile, a systematic comparison of the novel strategy with the multiple markers and the Pharmacopeia method was performed. The results showed that the parishins category could be completely hydrolyzed to gastrodin by sodium hydroxide solution, and gastrodin could further utterly hydrolyze to gastrodigenin with β-d-glucosidase buffer solution. The contents of total gastrodin and gastrodigenin ranged from 1.311% to 2.034%, and total gastrodigenin from 0.748% to 1.120% at the eight localities. From the comparison, we can conclude that the two novel strategies can comprehensively reveal the characteristics of overall active ingredients in G. elata for quality control. The present study provides a feasible and credible strategy for the quality control of G. elata, suggesting a revision of the latest Chinese Pharmacopoeia or European Pharmacopoeia methods for the modernization of G. elata use.

Discrimination of Gastrodia elata from Different Geographical Origin for Quality Evaluation Using Newly-Build Near Infrared Spectrum Coupled with Multivariate Analysis

“…All G. elata in our lab were supplied by local farmers or manufactures from four main-cultivated regions of China, namely: (1) the Yangtse Gorges and shennongjia area, (2) the Southwest provinces area, (3) the Dabieshan area, and (4) the Northeast area. Since the chemical components are generally similar among the samples from the same province [ 20 ], samples were acquired from two different provinces in each area during the 2017 and 2018 harvest seasons as shown in Table 1 . So a total of 16 batches of G. elata were collected in this study and authenticated by Professor Wei Shenhua from Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.…”

Characterization of the Inhibitory Effect of Gastrodigenin and Gastrodin on M-type K+ Currents in Pituitary Cells and Hippocampal Neurons

“…Gastrodigenin (p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, HBA) is a phenolic compound found in traditional Chinese herbal medicine Gastrodia elata Blume (GEB), which is commonly known as Tian Ma in Chinese or Chunma in Korean [1,2]. Gastrodin (GAS), the glucoside of HBA, is the major bioactive ingredient that can be isolated from GEB.…”

Comparison of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activities of Maclura tricuspidata Fruit Extracts at Different Maturity Stages

“…The parishin analogues, gastrodin and 4-HBA have been recognized as important bioactive constituents in traditional Chinese medicine G. elata rhizome and have anticonvulsant, analgesia, calmness, hypnosis, nootropic, and anti-brain aging functions for the central nervous system [30,31,33]. The pharmacological properties of G. elata rhizome are mainly attributable to the presence of parishin derivatives and their metabolites [30,31,32,33]. Therefore, the parishin derivatives identified in M. tricuspidata fruit make the tree a potential candidate for similar therapeutic properties and applications.…”