Compensation Strategies in Older Adults: Association With Cognition and Everyday Function

Farias, Sarah E Tomaszewski; Schmitter‐Edgecombe, Maureen; Weakley, Andrew T.; Harvey, Danielle; Denny, Katherine; Barba, Cheyanne; Gravano, Jason; Giovannetti, Tania; Willis, Sherry L.

doi:10.1177/1533317517753361

Cited by 65 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Leisure activities were consistently found to be protective against cognitive decline and incident dementia in healthy older adults (Akbaraly et al, 2009;Wang et al, 2012). In addition, the participants in our study were in the early stage of cognitive decline and CR might have been utilized as a compensatory mechanism in the aspects of everyday life (Tomaszewski Farias et al, 2018) and neural networks (Liang et al, 2011) against cognitive decline (Stern, 2012). The low education level in our study also may have contributed to the effect of leisure on cognitive function, because education has been reported to affect the association between leisure activity and cognitive function in a previous study, where an association between leisure activities and cognitive function was only observed in low-educated old adults (Park et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Cognitive Reserve, Leisure Activity, and Neuropsychological Profile in the Early Stage of Cognitive Decline

Lee

Kang

Kim

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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In older adults with normal cognition, cognitive reserve (CR) is known to be associated with the neuropsychological profile. We investigated the association between comprehensive CR and detailed neuropsychological profile in the early stage of cognitive decline. Fifty-five participants with mild cognitive impairment or subjective cognitive decline completed the cognitive reserve index questionnaire (CRIq) that yielded total, education, working activity, and leisure time scores (CRI-Total, CRI-Education, CRI-Working activity, and CRI-Leisure time, respectively). Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and detailed neuropsychological evaluation were performed. Psychiatric symptom scales were applied to measure depression, apathy, positive or negative affect, and quality of life. Correlation and linear regression analyses of the variables were performed. The effect of CR-Education, CRI-Working activity, and CRI-Leisure time on the composite cognitive score was determined using a multivariable regression model. We observed that for CRI-Total (B = 3.00, p = 0.005), CRI-Education (B = 3.39, p = 0.002), and CRI-Leisure time (B = 2.56, p = 0.015), CR correlated with MMSE scores, while only CRI-Leisure time associated with the naming ability (B = 2.20, p = 0.033) in the detailed neuropsychological test results of the participants. Multivariable regression model also indicated that among CRI subscores, CRI-Leisure time directly affects the composite cognitive score (β = 0.32, p = 0.011). We found that in the early stage of cognitive decline in older adults, comprehensive CR was associated with global cognition, and only leisure activity was identified to be associated with the detailed neuropsychological profile including naming ability. These results may imply the positive effect of leisure activity on cognitive function in the early stages of cognitive decline.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Cognitive Reserve, Leisure Activity, and Neuropsychological Profile in the Early Stage of Cognitive Decline

Lee

Kang

Kim

et al. 2020

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Moreover, the association between resilience, autonomy, and HRQoL, and the possible mediation effect of autonomy in the association between resilience and HRQoL were evaluated. Based on previous research, we hypothesized that resilience shows a positive association with higher levels of autonomy (both ADLs and IADLs) and better HRQoL [20]. Further, we expect to find significant differences in autonomy and HRQoL between resilient and non-resilient participants with MCI, as has been found in previous research [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…In this respect, the use of compensation strategies can help people with MCI improve their independence in everyday functioning. The results obtained by Tomaszewski et al [20] in a recent study have shown that higher frequency of compensation strategies’ use was associated with higher levels of independence in daily life among older adults. Although compensation strategies could be an effective resource to face with specific deficits derived from MCI older adults, their implementation usually requires some creative thinking by the individual, which should find specific strategies oriented to the compensation of a certain deficit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Differences in Autonomy and Health-Related Quality of Life between Resilient and Non-Resilient Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Clement‐Carbonell

Ferrer‐Cascales

Rubio‐Aparicio

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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The dramatic increase in the number of older people with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) entails a serious public health problem. MCI involves different degrees of dependence that has been previously related to a decrease in Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL), due to impairment in the performance of activities of daily living. Resilient coping, as an adaptive coping style, could reduce the associated limitations derived by the characteristic deficits of MCI, and hence improve HRQoL. The principal objective of this work was to compare the level of autonomy (measured in terms of independence in the performance of basic (ADL) and instrumental (IADL) activities of daily living), and HRQoL between resilient and non-resilient individuals with MCI. The results showed a positive relationship between resilience, autonomy, and HRQoL. Hence, resilient participants exhibited higher independence in daily living activities and better HRQoL than non-resilient individuals. Mediation analyses confirmed an indirect influence of resilience on HRQoL through the mediation effect of better performance in IADLs. These findings underline the relevance of resilience as a coping style to compensate deficits in daily living in people with MCI. The inclusion of intervention programs, oriented to the promotion of resilience coping for older adults, might increase the autonomy levels in this population, improving their HRQoL.

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“…Previous research indicates that strategy use in general, as well as preference for a particular type of strategy, may relate to factors such as cognitive functioning and insight. While strategy use appears to be higher in those with MCI compared to healthy older adults (Schmitter-Edgecombe, Parsey, & Lamb, 2014), a recent study showed that older individuals with normal cognitive function as well as those with MCI tend to use memory strategies more frequently than individuals with AD (Tomaszewski et al, 2018). Additionally, memory strategy use may rely more heavily on particular cognitive domains.…”

Section: Mitigating Cognitive Change: the Use Of Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, memory strategy use may rely more heavily on particular cognitive domains. For instance, more frequent use of compensation strategies has been associated with both stronger episodic memory and better executive functioning (Tomaszewski et al, 2018). Furthermore, executive function has been considered more important in the use of internal aids compared to external aids (Bouazzaoui et al, 2010).…”

Section: Mitigating Cognitive Change: the Use Of Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Compensation Strategies in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Lin

LaMonica

Naismith

et al. 2020

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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Objectives:With the rapid growth of the older population worldwide, understanding how older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) use memory strategies to mitigate cognitive decline is important. This study investigates differences between amnestic and nonamnestic MCI subtypes in memory strategy use in daily life, and how factors associated with cognition, general health, and psychological well-being might relate to strategy use.Methods:One hundred forty-eight participants with MCI (mean age = 67.9 years, SD = 8.9) completed comprehensive neuropsychological, medical, and psychological assessments, and the self-report ‘Memory Compensation Questionnaire’. Correlational and linear regression analyses were used to explore relationships between memory strategy use and cognition, general health, and psychological well-being.Results:Memory strategy use does not differ between MCI subtypes (p > .007) despite higher subjective everyday memory complaints in those with amnestic MCI (p = .03). The most marked finding showed that increased reliance-type strategy use was significantly correlated with more subjective memory complaints and poorer verbal learning and memory (p < .01) in individuals with MCI. Moreover, fewer subjective memory complaints and better working memory significantly predicted (p < .05) less reliance strategy use, respectively, accounting for 10.6% and 5.3% of the variance in the model.Conclusions:In general, the type of strategy use in older adults with MCI is related to cognitive functioning. By examining an individual’s profile of cognitive dysfunction, a clinician can provide more personalized clinical recommendations regarding strategy use to individuals with MCI, with the aim of maintaining their day-to-day functioning and self-efficacy in daily life.

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Compensation Strategies in Older Adults: Association With Cognition and Everyday Function

Abstract: Use of compensation strategies is associated with higher levels of functioning in daily life among older adults. Findings provide strong rational for development of interventions that directly target such strategies.

Cited by 65 publications

References 44 publications

Cognitive Reserve, Leisure Activity, and Neuropsychological Profile in the Early Stage of Cognitive Decline

Cognitive Reserve, Leisure Activity, and Neuropsychological Profile in the Early Stage of Cognitive Decline

Differences in Autonomy and Health-Related Quality of Life between Resilient and Non-Resilient Individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment

Memory Compensation Strategies in Older People with Mild Cognitive Impairment

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