Image Gallery: Lenalidomide for the treatment of pseudotumoral herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in human immunodeficiency virus infection

Gottlieb, J.; Janier, M.; Battistella, Maxime; Bachelez, Hervé

doi:10.1111/bjd.16041

Cited by 1 publication

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References 2 publications

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“…15 Lenalidomide has been studied in the treatment of central system diseases and HIV-related diseases, such as central nervous system tumors, 16 , 17 POEMS syndrome, 18 neuropathy, 10 relapsed AL amyloidosis, 19 Kaposi’s sarcoma, 20 and pseudotumoral herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in HIV infection. 21 However, its application in cognitive impairment has never been reported in HCM patients with IRIS. In the present study, we observed the therapeutic effect of lenalidomide for the treatment of cognitive impairment caused by IRIS in HCM patients, aiming to explore an optimal therapy for psycho cognitive disorder in HCM patients.…”

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confidence: 99%

Outcome of Lenalidomide Treatment for Cognitive Impairment Caused by Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in Patients with HIV-Related Cryptococcal Meningitis

Tao¹,

Peng²,

Liu³

et al. 2022

JIR

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Purpose Cognitive impairment associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related cryptococcal meningitis (HCM) in the context of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome is difficult to address. This study was a follow-up of lenalidomide treatment outcomes in patients with HCM and cognitive impairment after complete cryptococcal clearance. Patients and Methods Seven HCM patients with neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment after complete cryptococcal clearance were enrolled in this prospective study. Neurocognitive assessment, clinical examination and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assays were performed before and after lenalidomide treatment. Results After lenalidomide treatment, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [week (W) 0 (median [interquartile range]: 23.0 (13.0–24.0) vs W24: 26.0 (24.0–28.00), P=0.018] and International HIV Dementia Scale scores [W0: 9.0 (2.5–10.5) vs W24: 11.0 (10.00–12.0), P=0.028] improved significantly, mainly in the domain of memory function. There was no significant difference in the Center for Epidemiological Research Depression scores for anxiety and depression before and after treatment. Further stratified analyses revealed that the patients with cognitive improvement group had higher levels of CSF white blood cells [94.0 (44.0–180.0) vs 0 (0–1.5), P=0.032], CSF protein [4.9 (3.0–6.6) vs 0.6 (0.5–0.7), P=0.034], CSF albumin [318.5 (190.9–346.5) vs 33.5 (30.4–46.2), P=0.034], and CSF IgG [160.5 (73.8–256. 0) vs 4.7 (4.3–7.4), P=0.034] but a lower CSF glucose level [2.4 (2.0–2.7) vs 2.8 (2.8–3.9), P=0.032] than the patients with cognitive non-improvement group before treatment. CSF inflammatory cytokines of the growth-related oncogene, interleukin [IL]-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, IL-6, IL-8, complement factor H, tumor necrosis factor-α, and α-2 macroglobulin were obviously decreased in patients with cognitive improvement group after lenalidomide treatment. Conclusion Lenalidomide potentially reduces cognitive impairment caused by immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in patients with HCM after cryptococcal clearance by inhibiting intracranial inflammation.

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