The associations between weight-related anthropometrics during childhood and lung function in late childhood: a retrospective cohort study

Byberg, Kristine Kjer; Mikalsen, Ingvild Bruun; Eide, Geir Egil; Forman, Michéle R.; Júlíusson, Pétur Benedikt; Øymar, Knut

doi:10.1186/s12890-017-0567-3

Cited by 16 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…The finding of lower lung function in obese subjects (by BMI) is in accordance with several previous studies [ 4 – 6 , 8 , 27 ]. However, in one of the previous studies there was a positive association between BMI and lung function in normal weight subjects [ 27 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…One possible explanation for the positive association between BMI and pulmonary function could be that subjects that are large already during childhood have larger lungs. This theory is supported by the findings of BYBERG et al [4] who found that from birth, weight-related anthropometric measures were positively associated with FVC and FEV 1 at 12.8 years of age. Central obesity, on the other hand, is often acquired over time and may primarily decrease lung volume, as it may restrict diaphragm movement and limit lung expansion [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Several studies have reported a reduction in lung volume and capacity in obese individuals as compared to the non-obese [4][5][6]. The accumulation of fat in the body causes changes in respiratory physiology, with consequent impairment of various lung function parameters [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

et al. 2020

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Study objectivesObesity is often associated with lower lung function; however, the interaction of lung function with central obesity and physical inactivity is less clear. As such, we investigated the effect on lung function of body size (body mass index (BMI)), central obesity (waist circumference (WC)) and self-reported physical activity.MethodsLung function, height, weight and WC were measured in 22 743 participants (12 791 women), aged 45–75 years, from the EpiHealth cohort study. Physical activity, gender and educational level were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsObesity, central obesity and physical inactivity were all associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). However, in participants without central obesity there was an increase in both FEV1 and FVC by BMI (% predicted FVC increasing from median 98%, interquartile range (IQR) 89–110% in underweight participants (BMI <20) to 103%, IQR 94–113% in obese participants (BMI ≥30)). In contrast, there was a decrease in % predicted FVC in participants with central obesity (from 98%, IQR 89–109% in the normal weight group to 95%, IQR 85–105% in the obese weight group). We further found a negative association between physical activity and lung function among those with low and high levels of physical activity (% predicted FEV1 97%, IQR 86–107% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively and % predicted FVC 96%, IQR 85–106% versus 103%, IQR 94–113%, respectively). All results remained when calculated by z-scores.ConclusionsThe association between BMI and lung function is dependent on the presence of central obesity. Independent of obesity, there is an association between physical activity and lung function.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

et al. 2020

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“…BMI was used in this study in order to compare its results using the cutoff point that defines obesity (30kg/m 2 ) [9, 24] with those pointed out by FM and FMI. Previous studies have shown that the relationship between BMI and pulmonary function is not linear, due to the uncertainty between the percentage of FM and lean mass in the intermediate categories (normal/ overweight BMI), especially among adolescents and young adults [7, 10, 12, 13]. However, individuals with BMI ≥ 30kg/m 2 have lower pulmonary function attributed to adiposity excess [7, 13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body composition from 18 to 22 years and pulmonary function at 22 years—1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort

et al. 2019

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The objective was to verify the association between body composition from 18 to 22 years and pulmonary function at 22 years of age. This longitudinal analysis was conducted with a Brazilian birth cohort data. The outcomes were the forced expiratory volume in the first second and forced vital capacity (FVC), measured at 22 years follow-up. Main exposures: obesity (body mass index ≥ 30kg/m 2 ), and highest tertiles of fat mass (FM) and fat mass index (air displacement plethysmography) measured at 18 and 22 years-old follow-ups. The reference category (not exposed) was defined by those individuals who were not classified in the highest adiposity categories mentioned, in both ages. Multivariable linear regressions stratified by sex were used. The sample comprised 3,511 participants. Those who belonged to the highest adiposity categories in 18 and 22 years follow-ups showed lower pulmonary function at 22 years when compared to those who were not classified in the higher adiposity categories in both ages (reference category); those in the highest tertile of FM showed a mean FVC -313mL (95%CI -421; -206) and -259mL (95%CI -336; -182) in men and women, compared to the reference category, respectively. Those who changed from the higher to the lower adiposity categories (from 18 to 22 years) showed pulmonary function similar to the reference, and those who presented the opposite body composition trajectory, showed decreased pulmonary function results at 22 years, mainly among women. We concluded that high body adiposity in two follow-ups and especially contemporary adiposity was associated with lower pulmonary function at 22 years.

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“…Analogous adaptations characterized by shorter limbs and sitting height are observed in both stunting and restrictive lung function 55 . The positive association between age at peak adiposity and higher FVC, FEV 1 and FEF 25-75 implies that IUGR, followed by rapid weight gain during childhood results in poor lung function 56 . Besides being shorter, stunted children have shorter leg length, resulting in a longer sitting-height-to stature ratio, which is known to influence population level differences in lung function 57 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence

Mishra

Salvi²,

Lyngdoh

et al. 2020

Wellcome Open Res

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Background: Low vital capacity, one of the consequences of restricted lung growth, is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality. Vital capacity is lower in the developing world than the developed world, even after adjusting for height, weight and gender. This difference is typically dismissed as ethnic variation, adjusted for by redefining normal. Whether this is a consequence of stunted lung growth, rather than just genetically smaller lungs, has not been investigated in detail. Therefore, we sought to compare factors implicated in both stunting and lung development, particularly in the developing world. Methods: We conducted a manual screen of articles identified through Google Scholar and assessed risk of bias. No language restrictions were applied, so long as there was an associated English abstract. We queried VizHub (Global Burden of Disease Visualization Tool) and Google Dataset search engines for disease burden and genome wide association studies. The scope of the article and the heterogeneity of the outcome measures reported required a narrative review of available evidence. To the extent possible, the review follows PRISMA reporting guidelines. Results: Early life influences operate in synergism with genetic, environmental and nutritional factors to influence lung growth and development in children. Low lung function and stunting have common anthropometric, environmental and nutritional correlates originating during early development. Similar anthropometric correlates shared chronic inflammatory pathways, indicated that the two conditions were analogous. Conclusion: The analogy between poor lung function and stunting is conspicuous in the developing world, with malnutrition at the center of non -achievement of growth potential, susceptibility to infectious diseases and intrauterine programming for metabolic syndrome. This counter the idea of redefining the normal for lung function measurements, since observed inter-ethnic variations are likely a mix of natural genetic differences as well as differences in nurture such that reduced lung function reflects early life adversities.

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The associations between weight-related anthropometrics during childhood and lung function in late childhood: a retrospective cohort study

Cited by 16 publications

References 47 publications

The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

The impact of body mass index, central obesity and physical activity on lung function: results of the EpiHealth study

Body composition from 18 to 22 years and pulmonary function at 22 years—1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort

Low lung function in the developing world is analogous to stunting: a review of the evidence

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