Fluttering of growing leaves as a way to reach flatness: experimental evidence on
            <i>Persea americana</i>

Derr, Julien; Bastien, Renaud; Couturier, Étienne; Douady, Stéphane

doi:10.1098/rsif.2017.0595

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Low frequency fluctuations could easily be explained by circadian turgor rhythms. Nastic movement of leaves and stems further suggest that variations in the mechanical status of the plant are subcircadian ( 30 ). The analysis of hypocotyl growth also suggests that shorter period fluctuations exist in Arabidopsis seedlings, from which our protoplasts were extracted ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical tension overrides geometrical cues to orient microtubules in confined protoplasts

Colin

Chevallier

Tsugawa

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In plant cells, cortical microtubules (CMTs) generally control morphogenesis by guiding cellulose synthesis. CMT alignment has been proposed to depend on geometrical cues, with microtubules aligning with the cell long axis in silico and in vitro. Yet, CMTs are usually transverse in vivo, i.e., along predicted maximal tension, which is transverse for cylindrical pressurized vessels. Here, we adapted a microwell setup to test these predictions in a single-cell system. We confined protoplasts laterally to impose a curvature ratio and modulated pressurization through osmotic changes. We find that CMTs can be longitudinal or transverse in wallless protoplasts and that the switch in CMT orientation depends on pressurization. In particular, longitudinal CMTs become transverse when cortical tension increases. This explains the dual behavior of CMTs in planta: CMTs become longitudinal when stress levels become low, while stable transverse CMT alignments in tissues result from their autonomous response to tensile stress fluctuations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortical tension overrides geometrical cues to orient microtubules in confined protoplasts

Colin

Chevallier

Tsugawa

et al. 2020

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…When the rachis becomes rigid enough not to be deformed by gravity anymore, it reaches locally its final straight shape. We can hypothesise that the curving of the rachis is to probe the gravity effect, and finally use it in order to converge toward the right straight shape (10,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The hook shape of growing leaves results from an active regulatory process

Rivière

Peaucelle

et al. 2020

Journal of Experimental Botany

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The rachis of most growing compound leaves observed in nature exhibit a stereotyped hook shape. In this study, we focus on the canonical case of Averrhoa carambola. Combining kinematics and mechanical investigation, we characterize this hook shape and shed light on its establishment and maintenance. We show quantitatively that the hook shape is a conserved bent zone propagating at constant velocity and constant distance from the apex throughout development. A simple mechanical test reveals non-zero intrinsic curvature profiles for the rachis during its growth, indicating that the hook shape is actively regulated. We show a robust spatial organization of growth, curvature, rigidity and lignification and their interplay. Regulatory processes appear to be specifically localized: in particular, differential growth occurs where the elongation rate drops. Finally, impairing the graviception of the leaf on a clinostat led to reduced hook curvature but not to its loss. Altogether our results suggest a role for proprioception in the regulation of the leaf hook shape, likely mediated via mechanical strain.

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“…Mechanics also explains plant movements, such as the operation of contractile roots, the catapult-like action of fern sporangia (Noblin et al, 2012) or the closing of the Venus flytrap (Forterre et al, 2005). Some of these movements, including nastic ones, have important morphogenetic implications, for instance, to explain how leaves flatten as they grow (Derr et al, 2018). All these phenomena in living organisms have to be studied observing empirical rigors of physics, and thus contribute to quantitative plant biology.…”

Section: Mechanics Behind Growth and Motionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What is quantitative plant biology?

et al. 2021

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Quantitative plant biology is an interdisciplinary field that builds on a long history of biomathematics and biophysics. Today, thanks to high spatiotemporal resolution tools and computational modelling, it sets a new standard in plant science. Acquired data, whether molecular, geometric or mechanical, are quantified, statistically assessed and integrated at multiple scales and across fields. They feed testable predictions that, in turn, guide further experimental tests. Quantitative features such as variability, noise, robustness, delays or feedback loops are included to account for the inner dynamics of plants and their interactions with the environment. Here, we present the main features of this ongoing revolution, through new questions around signalling networks, tissue topology, shape plasticity, biomechanics, bioenergetics, ecology and engineering. In the end, quantitative plant biology allows us to question and better understand our interactions with plants. In turn, this field opens the door to transdisciplinary projects with the society, notably through citizen science.

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Fluttering of growing leaves as a way to reach flatness: experimental evidence on Persea americana

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

Cortical tension overrides geometrical cues to orient microtubules in confined protoplasts

Cortical tension overrides geometrical cues to orient microtubules in confined protoplasts

The hook shape of growing leaves results from an active regulatory process

What is quantitative plant biology?

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