Association between PM10, PM2.5, NO2, O3 and self-reported diabetes in Italy: A cross-sectional, ecological study

Abstract

IntroductionAir pollution represents a serious threat to health on a global scale, being responsible for a large portion of the global burden of disease from environmental factors. Current evidence about the association between air pollution exposure and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is still controversial. We aimed to evaluate the association between area-level ambient air pollution and self-reported DM in a large population sample in Italy.Materials and methodsWe extracted information about self-reported and physician diagnosed DM, risk factors and socio-economic status from 12 surveys conducted nationwide between 1999 and 2013. We obtained annual averaged air pollution levels for the years 2003, 2005, 2007 and 2010 from the AMS-MINNI national integrated model, which simulates the dispersion and transformation of pollutants. The original maps, with a resolution of 4 x 4 km2, were normalized and aggregated at the municipality class of each Italian region, in order to match the survey data. We fit logistic regression models with a hierarchical structure to estimate the relationship between PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3 four-years mean levels and the risk of being affected by DM.ResultsWe included 376,157 individuals aged more than 45 years. There were 39,969 cases of DM, with an average regional prevalence of 9.8% and a positive geographical North-to-South gradient, opposite to that of pollutants’ concentrations. For each 10 μg/m3 increase, the resulting ORs were 1.04 (95% CI 1.01–1.07) for PM10, 1.04 (95% CI 1.02–1.07) for PM2.5, 1.03 (95% CI 1.01–1.05) for NO2 and 1.06 (95% CI 1.01–1.11) for O3, after accounting for relevant individual risk factors. The associations were robust to adjustment for other pollutants in two-pollutant models tested (ozone plus each other pollutant).ConclusionsWe observed a significant positive association between each examined pollutant and prevalent DM. Risk estimates were consistent with current evidence, and robust to sensitivity analysis. Our study adds evidence about the effects of air pollution on diabetes and suggests a possible role of ozone as an independent factor associated with the development of DM. Such relationship is of great interest for public health and deserves further investigation.

Exposure to Nanoscale Particulate Matter from Gestation to Adulthood Impairs Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice

“…For example, epidemiological studies have shown that prenatal and childhood exposure to ambient or traffic-related air pollutants (TRAP) is associated with more rapid BMI increases during childhood, increased prevalence of obesity, and metabolic dysregulation 2–8 . In adults, similar associations have been reported with higher incidence of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and diabetes 9–17 . Collectively, these observations suggest that exposure to ambient air pollution, including during critical periods of development, may contribute to obesity in early life and its metabolic consequences later in adulthood.…”

A comparative study of two methods to predict the incidence of hepatitis B in Guangxi, China

“…This study only made an analysis from the aspect of incidence prediction, and provided some reference for the optimal allocation of health resources in advance. Some studies had shown that many factors were related to the high incidence of diseases, such as socio-economic factors [34,35], demographic factors [36,37] meteorological factors [38][39][40][41], etc. The related research on the influencing factors of HB incidence should also be carried out in time, which can also help the prevention and control of HB.…”

Atmen: Luftschadstoffe und Gesundheit – Teil III

“…Mehrere aktuelle Studien haben mit einem Querschnittdesign den Zusammenhang zwischen Luftverschmutzung und der Prävalenz des Typ 2-Diabetes untersucht und ebenfalls gemischte Ergebnisse beobachtet, mit positiven Zusammenhängen für Feinstaub, Stickoxide und Ozon in Italien [31], für Feinstaub und NO 2 in Nordamerika und in der Schweiz [17,32] [32]. In der niederländischen Studie war die PM 2.5 -Konzentration selbst nicht mit der Diabetesprävalenz assoziiert, sondern das oxidative Potenzial, was auf die biologische Bedeutung einzelner Komponenten im Feinstaubgemisch hinweist.…”