Identification of stress‐related microRNA biomarkers in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract

The present meta-analysis revealed that 16 stress-related miRNAs were significantly dysregulated in T2DM. MiR-148b, miR-223, miR-130a, miR-19a, miR-26b and miR-27b were selected as potential circulating biomarkers of T2DM. In addition, miR-146a and miR-21 were identified as potential tissue biomarkers of T2DM.

Plasma levels of miR‐29b and miR‐200b in type 2 diabetic retinopathy

“…In relation to miR‐29b and type 2 diabetes, our results are in accordance with a recent meta‐analysis that identified stress‐related miRNA biomarkers in different tissue types and species. The authors found that miR‐29b was not dysregulated in type 2 diabetes in the subgroup analyses of miRNAs in circulating blood and in human profiling studies . However, these findings contrast with studies that reported either higher circulating levels of miR‐29 in subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes or lower miR‐29b levels in those with prediabetes and who developed type 2 diabetes in the prospective population‐based Bruneck study .…”

“…Despite the limitations, our findings support the perspective of using circulating miRNA levels as biomarkers of prognosis in type 2 diabetes and highlight the need for further research on them. As already recognized by other authors, although in vitro and animal studies are essential to elucidate the mechanistic effects, the same miRNAs may be differentially expressed between humans and animals, and even in different cell and tissue types, including vitreous, retinal endothelial cell and whole retina …”

“…Despite the limitations, our findings support the perspective of using circulating miRNA levels as biomarkers of prognosis in type 2 diabetes and highlight the need for further research on them. As already recognized by other authors, although in vitro and animal studies are essential to elucidate the mechanistic effects, the same miRNAs may be differentially expressed between humans and animals,14 and even in different cell and tissue types, including vitreous, retinal endothelial cell and whole retina 14,25. In conclusion, plasma levels of miR-29b and miR-200b were lower in patients with PDR as compared to those without DR.Considering that DR is a neurodegenerative disorder, down-regulation of miR-29b and miR-200b could promote apoptosis, inflammation and disruption of Müller cell, thus leading to retinal degeneration, bloodretinal barrier breakdown and angiogenesis.…”

“…MiRNAs regulate cell development and function by modulating the acquisition and maintenance of beta‐cell identity, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and metabolism . Given their high stability and omnipresence in body fluids, several studies have identified the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis and management of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications . Despite this, the profile of circulating miRNAs in DR has been evaluated only recently …”

“…11 Given their high stability and omnipresence in body fluids, several studies have identified the potential of circulating miRNAs as biomarkers of diagnosis, prognosis and management of type 2 diabetes and its vascular complications. 8,[12][13][14] Despite this, the profile of circulating miRNAs in DR has been evaluated only recently. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] MiR-29b and miR-200b were one of the first miRNAs found to be dysregulated in high glucose-exposed retinal cells and diabetic murines, thereby suggesting their involvement in the development of DR. MiR-29b exerts anti-apoptotic and antifibrotic effects on retinal cells 12,26 and contributes to endothelial function by increasing nitric oxide, 27 while miR-200b protects against vascular permeability and angiogenesis.…”