Contextual determinants of psychopathology. The singularity of attachment as a predictor of mental dysfunction

Traumatic Stress, Attachment Style, and Health Outcomes in Cardiac Rehabilitation Patients

“…For example, Stovall-McClough and Dozier (2016) noted in a comprehensive review of the literature that anxious, avoidant, and disorganized (i.e., sometimes anxious, sometimes avoidant) attachment styles detected during childhood play a key role in the development of major depression, anxiety disorders, dissociative disorders, and personality disorders later in life. The findings of more recent studies corroborate these results; insecure attachment (anxious and avoidant) has been linked to major depression comorbid with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, and PTSD in adults (Huang et al, 2019), whereas fear of rejection by romantic partners and fearful attachment in general has also predicted the presence of mental-health problems among adults (Alonso et al, 2018). Taken together, these findings suggest that the subjective sense of loneliness typical of people with insecure attachment styles might contribute to the onset and course of psychological problems.…”

Adult Attachment Style, Emotion Regulation, and Social Networking Sites Addiction

“…Attachment theory holds that early emotional bonds between infants and caregivers aid in the formation of infants’ internal working model of self and social interactions (Bretherton, 1987). This model is relatively stable and carries into adulthood, and thereby forms the basis of close and romantic relationships (Hazan and Shaver, 1987; Feeney and Noller, 1990; Bartholomew and Horowitz, 1991). When a caregiver is perceived as responsive, accessible, and trustworthy, an infant develops a secure attachment style.…”

Psychosocial roots of paranoid ideation: The role of childhood experiences, social comparison, submission, and shame

“…It is possible that, whereas unaffected individuals may express and try to disconfirm their paranoid thoughts, affected individuals tend to isolate themselves or hide the paranoid thoughts without confronting their underlying beliefs or brooding, which not only increases the duration and frequency but may be responsible for increased levels of conviction and distress caused by these thoughts. Overall, it was possible to verify that memories of antipathy from father have emerged as a significant predictor of the frequency of paranoid ideation in all analyses, in addition to shame in the patients' sample, a similar trend found in previous studies (Alonso, Fernández, Fontanil, Ezama, & Gimeno, ; Barreto Carvalho, Pinto‐Gouveia, Peixoto, & da Motta, ; Carvalho, da Motta, Pinto‐Gouveia, & Peixoto, ; Sousa et al, ). It is important to emphasize that, in patients' sample, it was not possible to dissociate the effect of experiencing a severe mental illness on external shame.…”