Major diseases, extensive misuse, and high antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli in large- and small-scale dairy cattle farms in Jordan

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the major diseases, antimicrobial use, and resistance in commensal Escherichia coli in dairy cattle in Jordan. Forty-three (large, n = 21; small, n = 22) farms were surveyed. A validated questionnaire was administered to the herdsmen to elicit information about disease prevalence, antimicrobial knowledge, and antimicrobial use. In addition, fecal samples were collected from 5 lactating animals on each farm. A total of 520 E. coli isolates were tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobials. From the herdsmen's perspective, the diseases that require use of veterinary services in large and small production systems were mastitis (51.2%), metritis (51.2%), and enteritis (39.5%), and the most commonly used antimicrobials were oxytetracycline and streptomycin. Dairy herdsmen (83.7%) reported that it is easy to purchase antimicrobials without a veterinary prescription and 97.7% of them more frequently changed the antimicrobial drug rather than increasing the dose when presented with nonresponse to treatment. Escherichia coli isolates exhibited high resistance to streptomycin (47.5%), tetracycline (45.4%), and ampicillin (34.2%). Less than 10% of isolates were resistant to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone. Overall, 64.6 and 37.1% of the E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to ≥1 antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes), respectively. The isolates exhibited 107 antimicrobial resistance profiles. This study indicates that antimicrobials are frequently misused in dairies in Jordan and that resistance among commensal E. coli toward antimicrobials of human and veterinary importance is high. Therefore, educational programs for herdsmen and enacting regulations and guidelines are necessary to promote the judicious use of antimicrobials in dairy animals in Jordan.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Commensal Escherichia coli Isolated from Food Animals in Qatar

“…AMR bacteria have been investigated and characterized widely in cattle species. A recent study reported a high prevalence of resistance to streptomycin (47.5%), tetracycline (45.4%), and ampicillin (34.2%) in commensal E. coli isolated from different dairy cattle farms in Jordan (Obaidat, Bani Salman, Davis, & Roess, 2018). The same study showed that 83.7% of herdsmen purchased antibiotics without a veterinary prescription.…”

“…The same study showed that 83.7% of herdsmen purchased antibiotics without a veterinary prescription. Further, antibiotics use and their doses were frequently changed if no treatment response was recorded (Obaidat et al, 2018). Likewise, Pereira et al studied the phenotypic antibiotic resistance of 1,423 E. coli isolates from rectal swabs of dairy calves, from eight farms in New York.…”

Epidemiological and Comparative Diagnostic Study of Anaplasma Spp. Infection in Goats from North-Eastern Algeria

“…Grazing goats showed higher seropositivity compared to those who remain in permanent housing and this can be explained by the fact that grazing systems may increase the risk of getting vector ticks and enhance the risk of anaplasma infections [31]. A higher seroprevalence was demonstrated for the extensive system infection such as described in Jordan [47,48]. Anaplasma spp.…”

Antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotypes, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli from clinical bovine mastitis in five provinces of China

“…Virulence genes identified in E. coli from bovine mastitis include genes that code for hemagglutinin, aerobactin, P-fimbria, enterohemolysin, intimin, and autoagglutinating adhesion proteins (Bekal et al, 2003;Ewers et al, 2007;Johnson et al, 2008). The antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes of E. coli from bovine mastitis have been studied in Korea, Jordan, Iran, and Spain (Mora et al, 2005;Obaidat, Bani Salman, Davis, & Roess, 2018;Tark et al, 2017;Tavakoli & Pourtaghi, 2017;Zhao et al, 2018). A more thorough understanding of the resistance and virulence factors of E. coli isolates will assist in the implementation of appropriate treatments for the management of bovine mastitis.…”