Seroprevalence and Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Patients with Schizophrenia

Morais, Fábio Barreto; Arantes, Tiago Eugênio Faria e; Muccioli, Cristina

doi:10.1080/09273948.2017.1408843

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…We only determined IgG antibodies, since most studies have shown that Toxoplasma seropositivity in patients with schizophrenia was mainly associated with chronic infection [ 13 , 16 , 19 ]. There have been studies where IgM and IgG antibodies were determined, however, no patient was positive for IgM [ 17 ] or a minimal number of such subjects was present [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a Brazil study, IgG and IgM antibodies determined that there was a higher prevalence of anti- T. gondii IgG in patients with schizophrenia than in a control group (91.18% vs. 70.59% of the control group) ( p = 0.017). Interestingly, in this study, IgM anti- T. gondii antibodies the marker of an acute form of toxoplasmosis were not detected in any patient studied [ 17 ]. A cross-sectional study was conducted, in Egypt, with 177 individuals, where IgG and IgM anti- T. gondii antibodies from schizophrenic patients and a control group were determined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

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Toxoplasmosis Is More Frequent in Schizophrenia Patients Than in the General Population in Mexico and Is Not Associated with More Severe Course of Schizophrenia Measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

et al. 2021

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Toxoplasmosis is a disease, which was discovered in 1908, caused by the intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii. T. gondii infects neuronal, glial, and muscle cells, and chronic infections are characterized by the presence of cysts, in the brain and muscle cells, formed by bradyzoites. T. gondii is capable of synthesizing L-DOPA, a precursor of dopamine. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is key in the etiology of neuropsychological disorders such as schizophrenia. Previous studies have shown high levels of IgG Toxoplasma antibodies in schizophrenia patients. Many published studies show that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis is higher in schizophrenia patients. In this study, we aimed to identify the prevalence of Toxoplasma infection in patients with schizophrenia and the relationships between, sociodemographic factors and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. A total of 27 schizophrenic patients were included and IgG anti-T. gondii was determined in serum samples by ELISA. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, sociodemographic factors were associated with seropositivity. We found that the prevalence of Toxoplasma antibodies was 51.7%. In the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, statistical significant association (p = 0.024) was found in Item 13 which is related to motor retardation, however, the association turned non-significant after of correction for multiple tests or after of analyzed with a logistic regression p = 0.059, odds ratio (OR) = 2.316 with a 95% confidence interval [0.970 to 5.532]. Other association was not found between toxoplasmosis and others factors. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis on our population under study was significantly higher than that reported by general population or other group of Mexican schizophrenia patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Toxoplasmosis Is More Frequent in Schizophrenia Patients Than in the General Population in Mexico and Is Not Associated with More Severe Course of Schizophrenia Measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

et al. 2021

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“…Horacek 26 7 Chen 27 8 Karabulut 28 8 Dogruman-Al 29 7 Khademvatan 30 8 Esshili 31 8 Khademvatan 32 7 Hamidinejat 33 6 Pearce 34 7 Morais 35 6 Yolken 36 8 Mortensen 37 9 --Omar 38 7 --Tamer 39 6 --Yuksel 40 7 --Mean score ( ; p = 0.03).…”

Section: Schizophreniaunclassified

Association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review

Fernandes

Dias

Miranda‐Scippa

2021

Braz. J. Psychiatry

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Objective: To assess the association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major psychiatric disorders through a systematic review of the literature. Methods: The literature review was performed in the MEDLINE, SciELO, and PsycINFO databases. To evaluate the quality of the studies included in the review, the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used. Results: Thirty-one studies were included, and the majority found an association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (58.3 and 54.5% of the included papers, respectively), but not major depressive disorder. We found no significant difference in mean quality scores between studies that corroborated and contradicted the association hypothesis for either schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. All included papers were considered at least satisfactory according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (total scores X 6 out of 9). Conclusion: Although there was no association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major depressive disorder, the results indicate an association with both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, despite their heterogeneity. Further studies should be performed with more specific variables so that the nature of these relationships can be elucidated.

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“…Toxoplasma gondii infection afflicts up to one‐third of the world's population . However, most infected patients are immunocompetent, and the infection is considered inert, with the exception of psychiatric changes that are associated with seropositivity and the presence of cysts in the brain . The infection occurs mainly after ingesting the parasite .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 However, most infected patients are immunocompetent, and the infection is considered inert, with the exception of psychiatric changes that are associated with seropositivity and the presence of cysts in the brain. [2][3][4][5] The infection occurs mainly after ingesting the parasite. 6 The parasite then rapidly proliferates in the host's intestine by passing through the intestinal barrier and spreads, thus characterizing the acute phase of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection alters the number of neurons and the proportion of enteric glial cells in the duodenum in Wistar rats

Trevizan

Schneider

Araújo

et al. 2018

Neurogastroenterology Motil

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Background Toxoplasma gondii infection can occur through the ingestion of raw meat that contains tissue cysts or food that contains oocysts. Through the ingestion of oocysts, the parasite crosses the intestinal barrier, where the enteric nervous system is located. The objective was to investigate the kinetics of neuronal and glial responses during acute T. gondii infection. Methods We used 45 Wistar rats that were divided into a control group and infected groups that were evaluated at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 hours, 7 days, 10 days, and 15 days after infection. The rats received 5000 sporulated oocysts of the parasite orally. To detect neurons and enteric glia cells, the myenteric and submucosal plexuses of the duodenum underwent double‐labeling immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate HuC/HuD and S100, HuC/HuD and ChAT, and HuC/HuD and nNOS. Key Results We observed a reduction of the total neuron population in the submucosal plexus 72 hours after infection. Cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus 15 days after infection, and nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus 72 hours after infection. A decrease in the number of glial cells was observed 7 days after infection in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell (EGC)/neuron ratio was found in both plexuses 48 hours after infection. Conclusions and Inferences We found decrease of neurons and increase in the EGC/neuron ratio in both plexuses caused by acute T. gondii infection, with major alterations 72 hours after oral infection. The number of cholinergic neurons decreased in the submucosal plexus, and the number of nitrergic neurons decreased in the myenteric plexus. A decrease in the number of enteric glial cells was observed in the submucosal plexus, and an increase in the enteric glial cell/neuron ratio was observed in both ganglionate plexuses of the duodenum.

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Seroprevalence and Manifestations of Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract: The seropositivity rate was significantly higher among schizophrenia patients than among controls (p = 0.017). There was no association between the presence of fundoscopic scarring and schizophrenia (p = 1.000).

Cited by 7 publications

References 27 publications

Toxoplasmosis Is More Frequent in Schizophrenia Patients Than in the General Population in Mexico and Is Not Associated with More Severe Course of Schizophrenia Measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

Toxoplasmosis Is More Frequent in Schizophrenia Patients Than in the General Population in Mexico and Is Not Associated with More Severe Course of Schizophrenia Measured with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale

Association between exposure to toxoplasmosis and major psychiatric disorders: a systematic review

Acute Toxoplasma gondii infection alters the number of neurons and the proportion of enteric glial cells in the duodenum in Wistar rats

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