Investigation on Synthesis, Stability, and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Water-Based SnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanofluids

Abstract

With the rapid development of industry, heat removal and management is a major concern for any technology. Heat transfer plays a critically important role in many sectors of engineering; nowadays utilizing nanofluids is one of the relatively optimized techniques to enhance heat transfer. In the present work, a facile low-temperature solvothermal method was employed to fabricate the SnO2/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite. X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscope (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been performed to characterize the SnO2/rGO nanocomposite. Numerous ultrasmall SnO2 nanoparticles with average diameters of 3–5 nm were anchored on the surface of rGO, which contain partial hydrophilic functional groups. Water-based SnO2/rGO nanofluids were prepared with various weight concentrations by using an ultrasonic probe without adding any surfactants. The zeta potential was measured to investigate the stability of the as-prepared nanofluid which exhibited great dispersion stability after quiescence for 60 days. A thermal properties analyzer was employed to measure thermal conductivity of water-based SnO2/rGO nanofluids, and the results showed that the enhancement of thermal conductivity could reach up to 31% at 60 °C under the mass fraction of 0.1 wt %, compared to deionized water.

Review on the recent progress in the preparation and stability of graphene-based nanofluids

“…Agarwal et al [132] found that for maximum stabilization of nanofluid the oleylamine to GNP mass ratio is 0.6. [168] ZPT N/A Sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, dodecyl betaine [169] ZPT, PSD~ 30 days N/A [174] UV-Vis~ 60 days N/A [175] ZPT, SPC~ 2 months N/A [176] Sedimentation balance method~ 34 days N/A [179,180] UV-Vis, ZPT~ 15 days Sodium deoxycholate [183] UV-Vis~ 10 days N/A [184,189] SPC, ZPT~ 3 months N/A [190] ZPT~ 60 days N/A [196] ZPT N/A N/A Fig. 13 Electrostatically and sterically stable nanoparticles [215] For electrostatic stabilization, the existence of surface charge or Coulomb repulsion is a major source of stabilization.…”

Synthesis, characterisation and thermo-physical properties of highly stable graphene oxide-based aqueous nanofluids for potential low-temperature direct absorption solar applications

“…Several researchers have also reported improving nanofluid thermal conductivities with increasing temperature, and suggest increasing Brownian motions of the suspended nanoparticles as a possible mechanism 66 , 67 . Since increasing Brownian motions tends to promote micro-convection, which in turns enhances local mixing 68 , 69 .…”

Synergistic Catalysis of SnO2/Reduced Graphene Oxide for VO2+/VO2+ and V2+/V3+ Redox Reactions

“…The reduced graphene oxide crystallization peaks in the XRD pattern of SnO 2 /rGO are lack. The order of the reduced graphene oxide plane is disrupted by the SnO 2 particles, or reduced graphene oxide sheets are inserted into the SnO 2 lattice [ 48 ]. SnO 2 /rGO has the advantages of two materials.…”